Add debian/fedora/arch package information to build/pkgs, generate Dockerfiles and installation help

[mkoeppe]

​https://doc.sagemath.org/html/en/installation/source.html#linux-recommended-installation gives apt-get install and yum install command lines to install system packages that will be recognized by build/pkgs/SPKG/spkg-configure.m4.

Several packages are missing, see comments in ​https://trac.sagemath.org/attachment/ticket/27824/Dockerfile-ubuntu-minimal

This ticket puts this information on a per-package basis into build/pkgs/SPKG/debian.txt, .../fedora.txt for the following purposes:

• sage -info SPKG prints out this information.
• Provide a tox.ini that generates and runs Dockerfiles that test the installation on various systems. Example (running 3 builds in parallel):

     $ tox -p auto -e archlinux-latest,ubuntu-focal-minimal,debian-buster-maximal
  ⠸
  

• TBD: Aggregate and format it (during ./bootstrap) to produce the command lines shown in the manual.

(Similar to #29041.)

Also the apt-cyg command lines at ​https://trac.sagemath.org/wiki/Cygwin64Port could be generated in the same way.

[git]

Branch pushed to git repo; I updated commit sha1. New commits:

​3a5cfb7

build/pkgs/*/debian.txt: Add optional packages

[git]

Branch pushed to git repo; I updated commit sha1. New commits:

​79d912e

build/pkgs/*/fedora.txt: New, from installation manual 9.0

[git]

Branch pushed to git repo; I updated commit sha1. New commits:

​8a739b1

sage -info: Print info on equivalent system packages

[git]

Branch pushed to git repo; I updated commit sha1. New commits:

​3ef64c4	Document the debian.txt, fedora.txt files.
​ebee631	Add build/pkgs/gcc/fedora.txt
​221c344	Strip comments from debian.txt, fedora.txt files

[dimpase]

how do you generate these per package?

by the way, Arch has namewise a naming scheme close to Gentoo and Homebrew.

[mkoeppe]

Replying to dimpase:

how do you generate these per package?

I created these files by manual copy-paste from the installation manual.

[git]

Branch pushed to git repo; I updated commit sha1. New commits:

​46957b4	tox.ini: New - test spkg-configure on ubuntu docker images
​ce99fad	Merge tag '9.1.beta1' into t/29053/installation_manual__generate__apt_get_install__and__yum_install__lines_from_build_pkgs_at___bootstrap_time
​0dd2c03	build/bin/sage-spkg: Reformat the install command to 1 line
​b5abc8b	build/bin/sage-spkg: fixup
​97b09de	Make gfortran a standard package - it is a prereq of standard package numpy
​ff4a551	Fix typo

[git]

Branch pushed to git repo; I updated commit sha1. New commits:

​a472a9a	Add fedora and debian Docker tests
​1a31b40	src/doc/en/installation/{debian|fedora}[-optional].txt
​0c2148e	more envs

[git]

Branch pushed to git repo; I updated commit sha1. New commits:

​e38dd8e

src/doc/en/installation/source.rst: Use literalinclude