Opened 12 years ago
Closed 12 months ago
#1773 closed defect (fixed)
piecewise functions and integration / arithmetic do not play well together
Reported by: | was | Owned by: | gfurnish |
---|---|---|---|
Priority: | major | Milestone: | sage-8.6 |
Component: | calculus | Keywords: | |
Cc: | kcrisman, jondo, vbraun, slelievre, mkoeppe, eviatarbach, rws | Merged in: | |
Authors: | Marcelo Forets | Reviewers: | Volker Braun |
Report Upstream: | N/A | Work issues: | |
Branch: | fe8304e (Commits) | Commit: | fe8304efd0d3b898932dfc0bb2b68a701a88fd41 |
Dependencies: | Stopgaps: |
Description
On 1/13/08, Hector Villafuerte <> wrote: > > I defined a piecewise function (specifically, a triangular wave) like this: > > sage: f1(x) = -abs(x) + 1 > sage: f2(x) = abs(x - 2) - 1 > sage: tri_wave = piecewise([ [(-1,1), f1], [(1,3), f2]]) > > One can plot it and it looks very nice: > > sage: tri_wave.plot() > > But while calculating this integral I get "ValueError: Value not > defined outside of domain." > > sage: integrate(tri_wave(x)^2, x, -1, 3) > > Is there a way to integrate piecewise-defined functions? > As always, thanks for your help, This is clearly broken. As a band-aide, you can at least numerically integrate as follows: sage: integral_numerical(lambda x: tri_wave(x)^2, -1, 3) (1.3333333333333333, 1.4765966227514582e-14) The first output (1.3333...) is the answer, and the second is an error bound. -- William
Change History (26)
comment:1 Changed 12 years ago by
- Owner changed from was to gfurnish
- Status changed from new to assigned
comment:2 follow-up: ↓ 6 Changed 11 years ago by
comment:3 Changed 11 years ago by
What should maybe happen is in piecewise.py, in the __call__
method, if a SymbolicVariable? is passed in as x0
, it should return a CallableSymbolicExpression? which just in turn calls back to the __call__
method again. Does this sound reasonable? If so, how would one implement this?
comment:4 Changed 9 years ago by
- Cc kcrisman added
- Report Upstream set to N/A
comment:5 Changed 8 years ago by
See also #11225, which is about plotting - but sometimes this stuff causes plots to not work, of course.
comment:6 in reply to: ↑ 2 Changed 8 years ago by
Replying to rlm:
This isn't specific to integrate. The problem is that piecewise functions don't play well with *symbolics*
sage: f1(x) = -abs(x) + 1 sage: f2(x) = abs(x - 2) - 1 sage: tri_wave = piecewise([ [(-1,1), f1], [(1,3), f2]]) sage: tri_wave(x) SAME ERROR
Or see what happens when we try to multiply piecewise and symbolic.
sage: f = Piecewise([[(0,pi/2),-1],[(pi/2,pi),2]]) sage: f*sin(x) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- AttributeError
comment:7 Changed 6 years ago by
- Milestone changed from sage-5.11 to sage-5.12
comment:8 Changed 6 years ago by
- Cc jondo added
comment:9 Changed 6 years ago by
- Milestone changed from sage-6.1 to sage-6.2
comment:10 Changed 6 years ago by
- Dependencies set to #14801
comment:11 Changed 6 years ago by
- Milestone changed from sage-6.2 to sage-6.3
comment:12 Changed 5 years ago by
- Milestone changed from sage-6.3 to sage-6.4
comment:13 Changed 3 years ago by
- Cc vbraun slelievre mkoeppe eviatarbach rws added
- Milestone changed from sage-6.4 to sage-7.3
While all the examples appearing in the comments are fixed with the new piecewise
of #14801, the original bug example still fails (but with a different error message).
Cc'ing #14801's cc list.
sage: f1(x) = -abs(x) + 1 sage: f2(x) = abs(x - 2) - 1 sage: tri_wave = piecewise([ [(-1,1), f1], [(1,3), f2]]) sage: tri_wave.plot() Launched png viewer for Graphics object consisting of 1 graphics primitive sage: integrate(tri_wave(x)^2, x, -1, 3) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-8-9387c34a513c> in <module>() ----> 1 integrate(tri_wave(x)**Integer(2), x, -Integer(1), Integer(3)) /Users/mkoeppe/cvs/sage/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sage/misc/functional.py in integral(x, *args, **kwds) 663 """ 664 if hasattr(x, 'integral'): --> 665 return x.integral(*args, **kwds) 666 else: 667 from sage.symbolic.ring import SR /Users/mkoeppe/cvs/sage/src/sage/symbolic/expression.pyx in sage.symbolic.expression.Expression.integral (/Users/mkoeppe/cvs/sage/src/build/cythonized/sage/symbolic/expression.cpp:60225)() 11484 R = ring.SR 11485 return R(integral(f, v, a, b, **kwds)) > 11486 return integral(self, *args, **kwds) 11487 11488 integrate = integral /Users/mkoeppe/cvs/sage/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sage/symbolic/integration/integral.py in integrate(expression, v, a, b, algorithm, hold) 763 return indefinite_integral(expression, v, hold=hold) 764 else: --> 765 return definite_integral(expression, v, a, b, hold=hold) 766 767 integral = integrate /Users/mkoeppe/cvs/sage/src/sage/symbolic/function.pyx in sage.symbolic.function.BuiltinFunction.__call__ (/Users/mkoeppe/cvs/sage/src/build/cythonized/sage/symbolic/function.cpp:11170)() 970 res = self._evalf_try_(*args) 971 if res is None: --> 972 res = super(BuiltinFunction, self).__call__( 973 *args, coerce=coerce, hold=hold) 974 /Users/mkoeppe/cvs/sage/src/sage/symbolic/function.pyx in sage.symbolic.function.Function.__call__ (/Users/mkoeppe/cvs/sage/src/build/cythonized/sage/symbolic/function.cpp:6921)() 481 for i from 0 <= i < len(args): 482 vec.push_back((<Expression>args[i])._gobj) --> 483 res = g_function_evalv(self._serial, vec, hold) 484 elif self._nargs == 1: 485 res = g_function_eval1(self._serial, /Users/mkoeppe/cvs/sage/src/sage/symbolic/function.pyx in sage.symbolic.function.BuiltinFunction._evalf_or_eval_ (/Users/mkoeppe/cvs/sage/src/build/cythonized/sage/symbolic/function.cpp:12417)() 1059 res = self._evalf_try_(*args) 1060 if res is None: -> 1061 return self._eval0_(*args) 1062 else: 1063 return res /Users/mkoeppe/cvs/sage/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sage/symbolic/integration/integral.py in _eval_(self, f, x, a, b) 176 for integrator in self.integrators: 177 try: --> 178 return integrator(*args) 179 except NotImplementedError: 180 pass /Users/mkoeppe/cvs/sage/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sage/symbolic/integration/external.py in maxima_integrator(expression, v, a, b) 22 result = maxima.sr_integral(expression,v) 23 else: ---> 24 result = maxima.sr_integral(expression, v, a, b) 25 return result._sage_() 26 /Users/mkoeppe/cvs/sage/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sage/interfaces/maxima_lib.py in sr_integral(self, *args) 796 """ 797 try: --> 798 return max_to_sr(maxima_eval(([max_integrate],[sr_to_max(SR(a)) for a in args]))) 799 except RuntimeError as error: 800 s = str(error) /Users/mkoeppe/cvs/sage/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sage/interfaces/maxima_lib.py in max_to_sr(expr) 1634 op_max=caar(expr) 1635 if op_max in special_max_to_sage: -> 1636 return special_max_to_sage[op_max](expr) 1637 if not(op_max in max_op_dict): 1638 op_max_str=maxprint(op_max).python()[1:-1] /Users/mkoeppe/cvs/sage/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sage/interfaces/maxima_lib.py in dummy_integrate(expr) 1428 integrate(f(x), x, 0, 10) 1429 """ -> 1430 args=[max_to_sr(a) for a in cdr(expr)] 1431 if len(args) == 4 : 1432 return sage.symbolic.integration.integral.definite_integral(*args, /Users/mkoeppe/cvs/sage/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sage/interfaces/maxima_lib.py in max_to_sr(expr) 1651 op=max_op_dict[op_max] 1652 max_args=cdr(expr) -> 1653 args=[max_to_sr(a) for a in max_args] 1654 return op(*args) 1655 elif expr.symbolp(): /Users/mkoeppe/cvs/sage/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sage/interfaces/maxima_lib.py in max_to_sr(expr) 1652 max_args=cdr(expr) 1653 args=[max_to_sr(a) for a in max_args] -> 1654 return op(*args) 1655 elif expr.symbolp(): 1656 if not(expr in max_sym_dict): TypeError: __call__() takes exactly 2 arguments (3 given)
comment:14 Changed 3 years ago by
The problem on first sight here is that operations on piecewise
do not get translated to what is expected, i.e., squaring the pieces. Also it seems that Maxima does not convert them, nor is it considering loading pw.mac
without which it simply knows nothing about piecewise functions. So we must either load this package when encountering piecewise
in the Maxima interface then convert, or the expression must be simplified, i.e., the operations applied piecewise, probably by Pynac. Or both.
Of course, the integral
member function is accessible with pure piecewise
objects:
sage: tri_wave1 = piecewise([ [(-1,1), f1^2], [(1,3), f2^2]]) sage: tri_wave1.integral(definite=True) 4/3
comment:15 Changed 3 years ago by
- Branch set to u/mforets/1773
- Commit set to 115c198b1b2cf2bb63423d89dad14c402c055454
- Status changed from new to needs_review
@rws: does adding a new __pow__
method in piecewise fix the issue or not? (cf. code+test added in this branch)
... well it doesn't work for the OP problem, but that's another thing (misuse?) i guess, since:
sage: integrate(piecewise([ [(-1,1), x], [(1,3), x^2]]), x, -1, 3) ... ValueError: point 3 is not in the domain
although
sage: integrate(piecewise([ [(-1,1), x], [(1,3), x^2]]), x) piecewise(x|-->1/2*x^2 - 1/2 on (-1, 1), x|-->1/3*x^3 - 1/3 on (1, 3); x)
and with the current patch one has:
sage: integrate(piecewise([ [(-1,1), x], [(1,3), x^2]])**2, x) piecewise(x|-->1/3*x^3 + 1/3 on (-1, 1), x|-->1/5*x^5 + 7/15 on (1, 3); x)
New commits:
115c198 | add pow method to piecewise
|
comment:16 Changed 3 years ago by
Hmmm, what i've uploaded doesn't work well with symbolic expressions as exponents!
sage: f = piecewise([ [(-1,1), x], [(1,3), x^2]]) sage: k = var('k') sage: f**k piecewise(k|-->x^k on (-1, 1), k|-->(x^2)^k on (1, 3); k)
the independent variable is misunderstood.
comment:17 follow-up: ↓ 19 Changed 3 years ago by
This seems to depend on if the expression contains a lexicographically earlier symbol:
sage: f^y piecewise(x|-->x^y on (-1, 1), x|-->(x^2)^y on (1, 3); x) sage: f^k piecewise(k|-->x^k on (-1, 1), k|-->(x^2)^k on (1, 3); k) sage: f^z piecewise(x|-->x^z on (-1, 1), x|-->(x^2)^z on (1, 3); x) sage: f^t piecewise(t|-->x^t on (-1, 1), t|-->(x^2)^t on (1, 3); t)
comment:18 Changed 3 years ago by
- Commit changed from 115c198b1b2cf2bb63423d89dad14c402c055454 to 41c5796fe91dbb403f21978d836b2570633bca86
Branch pushed to git repo; I updated commit sha1. New commits:
41c5796 | pass independent variable
|
comment:19 in reply to: ↑ 17 Changed 3 years ago by
Replying to rws:
This seems to depend on if the expression contains a lexicographically earlier symbol:
sage: f^y piecewise(x|-->x^y on (-1, 1), x|-->(x^2)^y on (1, 3); x) sage: f^k piecewise(k|-->x^k on (-1, 1), k|-->(x^2)^k on (1, 3); k) sage: f^z piecewise(x|-->x^z on (-1, 1), x|-->(x^2)^z on (1, 3); x) sage: f^t piecewise(t|-->x^t on (-1, 1), t|-->(x^2)^t on (1, 3); t)
Ok, i see. as a workaround i've specified the var
argument to the constructor, which gives the same result as self.variables()[0]
.
comment:20 Changed 2 years ago by
comment:21 Changed 20 months ago by
- Dependencies #14801 deleted
- Milestone changed from sage-7.3 to sage-8.3
- Status changed from needs_review to needs_work
does not apply
comment:22 Changed 19 months ago by
- Commit changed from 41c5796fe91dbb403f21978d836b2570633bca86 to ffea99058531a07c82012ec9f4fec5183d7a3fb6
comment:23 Changed 17 months ago by
- Milestone changed from sage-8.3 to sage-8.4
update milestone 8.3 -> 8.4
comment:24 Changed 12 months ago by
- Branch changed from u/mforets/1773 to public/ticket/1773
- Commit changed from ffea99058531a07c82012ec9f4fec5183d7a3fb6 to fe8304efd0d3b898932dfc0bb2b68a701a88fd41
- Milestone changed from sage-8.4 to sage-8.6
- Status changed from needs_work to needs_review
New commits:
fe8304e | add pow method to piecewise
|
comment:25 Changed 12 months ago by
- Reviewers set to Volker Braun
- Status changed from needs_review to positive_review
comment:26 Changed 12 months ago by
- Branch changed from public/ticket/1773 to fe8304efd0d3b898932dfc0bb2b68a701a88fd41
- Resolution set to fixed
- Status changed from positive_review to closed
This isn't specific to integrate. The problem is that piecewise functions don't play well with *symbolics*