| 1 | """ |
|---|
| 2 | Polynomial Interfaces to Singular |
|---|
| 3 | |
|---|
| 4 | AUTHORS: |
|---|
| 5 | -- Martin Albrecht <malb@informatik.uni-bremen.de> (2006-04-21) |
|---|
| 6 | |
|---|
| 7 | """ |
|---|
| 8 | |
|---|
| 9 | #***************************************************************************** |
|---|
| 10 | # |
|---|
| 11 | # SAGE: System for Algebra and Geometry Experimentation |
|---|
| 12 | # |
|---|
| 13 | # Copyright (C) 2006 William Stein <wstein@gmail.com> |
|---|
| 14 | # |
|---|
| 15 | # Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) |
|---|
| 16 | # |
|---|
| 17 | # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
|---|
| 18 | # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
|---|
| 19 | # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU |
|---|
| 20 | # General Public License for more details. |
|---|
| 21 | # |
|---|
| 22 | # The full text of the GPL is available at: |
|---|
| 23 | # |
|---|
| 24 | # http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ |
|---|
| 25 | #***************************************************************************** |
|---|
| 26 | |
|---|
| 27 | import finite_field |
|---|
| 28 | |
|---|
| 29 | from sage.interfaces.all import singular as singular_default, is_SingularElement |
|---|
| 30 | from complex_field import is_ComplexField |
|---|
| 31 | from real_field import is_RealField |
|---|
| 32 | import sage.rings.arith |
|---|
| 33 | |
|---|
| 34 | class PolynomialRing_singular_repr: |
|---|
| 35 | """ |
|---|
| 36 | Implements methods to convert polynomial rings to Singular. |
|---|
| 37 | |
|---|
| 38 | This class is a base class for all univariate and multivariate |
|---|
| 39 | polynomial rings which support conversion from and to Singular |
|---|
| 40 | rings. |
|---|
| 41 | """ |
|---|
| 42 | def _singular_(self, singular=singular_default): |
|---|
| 43 | """ |
|---|
| 44 | Returns a singular ring for this polynomial ring over a field. |
|---|
| 45 | Currently QQ, GF(p), and GF(p^n), CC, and RR are supported. |
|---|
| 46 | |
|---|
| 47 | INPUT: |
|---|
| 48 | singular -- Singular instance |
|---|
| 49 | |
|---|
| 50 | OUTPUT: |
|---|
| 51 | singular ring matching this ring |
|---|
| 52 | |
|---|
| 53 | EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 54 | sage: r=MPolynomialRing(GF(2**8),10,'x', order='revlex') |
|---|
| 55 | sage: r._singular_() |
|---|
| 56 | // characteristic : 2 |
|---|
| 57 | // 1 parameter : a |
|---|
| 58 | // minpoly : (a^8+a^4+a^3+a^2+1) |
|---|
| 59 | // number of vars : 10 |
|---|
| 60 | // block 1 : ordering rp |
|---|
| 61 | // : names x0 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 x9 |
|---|
| 62 | // block 2 : ordering C |
|---|
| 63 | sage: r=MPolynomialRing(GF(127),2,'x', order='revlex') |
|---|
| 64 | sage: r._singular_() |
|---|
| 65 | // characteristic : 127 |
|---|
| 66 | // number of vars : 2 |
|---|
| 67 | // block 1 : ordering rp |
|---|
| 68 | // : names x0 x1 |
|---|
| 69 | // block 2 : ordering C |
|---|
| 70 | sage: r=MPolynomialRing(QQ,2,'x', order='revlex') |
|---|
| 71 | sage: r._singular_() |
|---|
| 72 | // characteristic : 0 |
|---|
| 73 | // number of vars : 2 |
|---|
| 74 | // block 1 : ordering rp |
|---|
| 75 | // : names x0 x1 |
|---|
| 76 | // block 2 : ordering C |
|---|
| 77 | sage: r=PolynomialRing(QQ) |
|---|
| 78 | sage: r._singular_() |
|---|
| 79 | // characteristic : 0 |
|---|
| 80 | // number of vars : 1 |
|---|
| 81 | // block 1 : ordering lp |
|---|
| 82 | // : names x |
|---|
| 83 | // block 2 : ordering C |
|---|
| 84 | sage: r=PolynomialRing(GF(127)) |
|---|
| 85 | sage: r._singular_() |
|---|
| 86 | // characteristic : 127 |
|---|
| 87 | // number of vars : 1 |
|---|
| 88 | // block 1 : ordering lp |
|---|
| 89 | // : names x |
|---|
| 90 | // block 2 : ordering C |
|---|
| 91 | sage: r=PolynomialRing(GF(2**8),'y') |
|---|
| 92 | sage: r._singular_() |
|---|
| 93 | // characteristic : 2 |
|---|
| 94 | // 1 parameter : a |
|---|
| 95 | // minpoly : (a^8+a^4+a^3+a^2+1) |
|---|
| 96 | // number of vars : 1 |
|---|
| 97 | // block 1 : ordering lp |
|---|
| 98 | // : names y |
|---|
| 99 | // block 2 : ordering C |
|---|
| 100 | sage: R.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(CC,2) |
|---|
| 101 | sage: R._singular_() |
|---|
| 102 | // characteristic : 0 (complex:15 digits, additional 0 digits) |
|---|
| 103 | // 1 parameter : I |
|---|
| 104 | // minpoly : (I^2+1) |
|---|
| 105 | // number of vars : 2 |
|---|
| 106 | // block 1 : ordering dp |
|---|
| 107 | // : names x y |
|---|
| 108 | // block 2 : ordering C |
|---|
| 109 | sage: R.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(RealField(100),2) |
|---|
| 110 | sage: R._singular_() |
|---|
| 111 | // characteristic : 0 (real:29 digits, additional 0 digits) |
|---|
| 112 | // number of vars : 2 |
|---|
| 113 | // block 1 : ordering dp |
|---|
| 114 | // : names x y |
|---|
| 115 | // block 2 : ordering C |
|---|
| 116 | |
|---|
| 117 | WARNING: |
|---|
| 118 | If the base ring is a finite extension field the ring will |
|---|
| 119 | not only be returned but also be set as the current ring in |
|---|
| 120 | Singular. |
|---|
| 121 | |
|---|
| 122 | NOTE: |
|---|
| 123 | Singular represents precision of floating point numbers base 10 |
|---|
| 124 | while SAGE represents floating point precision base 2. |
|---|
| 125 | """ |
|---|
| 126 | try: |
|---|
| 127 | R = self.__singular |
|---|
| 128 | if not (R.parent() is singular): |
|---|
| 129 | raise ValueError |
|---|
| 130 | R._check_valid() |
|---|
| 131 | if self.base_ring().is_prime_field(): |
|---|
| 132 | return R |
|---|
| 133 | if self.base_ring().is_finite(): |
|---|
| 134 | R.set_ring() #sorry for that, but needed for minpoly |
|---|
| 135 | if singular.eval('minpoly') != self.__minpoly: |
|---|
| 136 | singular.eval("minpoly=%s"%(self.__minpoly)) |
|---|
| 137 | return R |
|---|
| 138 | except (AttributeError, ValueError): |
|---|
| 139 | return self._singular_init_(singular) |
|---|
| 140 | |
|---|
| 141 | def _singular_init_(self, singular=singular_default): |
|---|
| 142 | """ |
|---|
| 143 | Return a newly created Singular ring matching this ring. |
|---|
| 144 | """ |
|---|
| 145 | if not self._can_convert_to_singular(): |
|---|
| 146 | raise TypeError, "no conversion of this ring to a Singular ring defined" |
|---|
| 147 | |
|---|
| 148 | if self.ngens()==1: |
|---|
| 149 | _vars = str(self.gen()) |
|---|
| 150 | if "*" in _vars: # 1.000...000*x |
|---|
| 151 | _vars = _vars.split("*")[1] |
|---|
| 152 | order = 'lp' |
|---|
| 153 | else: |
|---|
| 154 | _vars = str(self.gens()) |
|---|
| 155 | order = self.term_order().singular_str() |
|---|
| 156 | |
|---|
| 157 | if is_RealField(self.base_ring()): |
|---|
| 158 | # singular converts to bits from base_10 in mpr_complex.cc by: |
|---|
| 159 | # size_t bits = 1 + (size_t) ((float)digits * 3.5); |
|---|
| 160 | precision = self.base_ring().precision() |
|---|
| 161 | digits = sage.rings.arith.ceil((2*precision - 2)/7.0) |
|---|
| 162 | self.__singular = singular.ring("(real,%d,0)"%digits, _vars, order=order) |
|---|
| 163 | |
|---|
| 164 | elif is_ComplexField(self.base_ring()): |
|---|
| 165 | # singular converts to bits from base_10 in mpr_complex.cc by: |
|---|
| 166 | # size_t bits = 1 + (size_t) ((float)digits * 3.5); |
|---|
| 167 | precision = self.base_ring().precision() |
|---|
| 168 | digits = sage.rings.arith.ceil((2*precision - 2)/7.0) |
|---|
| 169 | self.__singular = singular.ring("(complex,%d,0,I)"%digits, _vars, order=order) |
|---|
| 170 | |
|---|
| 171 | elif self.base_ring().is_prime_field(): |
|---|
| 172 | self.__singular = singular.ring(self.characteristic(), _vars, order=order) |
|---|
| 173 | return self.__singular |
|---|
| 174 | |
|---|
| 175 | elif self.base_ring().is_finite(): #must be extension field |
|---|
| 176 | gen = str(self.base_ring().gen()) |
|---|
| 177 | r = singular.ring( "(%s,%s)"%(self.characteristic(),gen), _vars, order=order) |
|---|
| 178 | self.__minpoly = "("+(str(self.base_ring().modulus()).replace("x",gen)).replace(" ","")+")" |
|---|
| 179 | singular.eval("minpoly=%s"%(self.__minpoly) ) |
|---|
| 180 | |
|---|
| 181 | self.__singular = r |
|---|
| 182 | else: |
|---|
| 183 | raise TypeError, "no conversion to a Singular ring defined" |
|---|
| 184 | return self.__singular |
|---|
| 185 | |
|---|
| 186 | def _can_convert_to_singular(self): |
|---|
| 187 | """ |
|---|
| 188 | Returns True if this rings base field/ring can be represented in |
|---|
| 189 | Singular. If this is true then this polynomial ring can be |
|---|
| 190 | represented in Singular. |
|---|
| 191 | |
|---|
| 192 | GF(p), GF(p^n), Rationals, Reals, and Complexes are supported. |
|---|
| 193 | """ |
|---|
| 194 | base_ring = self.base_ring() |
|---|
| 195 | return ( finite_field.is_FiniteField(base_ring) |
|---|
| 196 | or base_ring.is_prime_field() |
|---|
| 197 | or is_RealField(base_ring) |
|---|
| 198 | or is_ComplexField(base_ring) ) |
|---|
| 199 | |
|---|
| 200 | |
|---|
| 201 | class Polynomial_singular_repr: |
|---|
| 202 | """ |
|---|
| 203 | Implements coercion of polynomials to Singular polynomials. |
|---|
| 204 | |
|---|
| 205 | This class is a base class for all (univariate and multivariate) |
|---|
| 206 | polynomial classes which support conversion from and to |
|---|
| 207 | Singular polynomials. |
|---|
| 208 | """ |
|---|
| 209 | def _singular_(self, singular=singular_default, have_ring=False): |
|---|
| 210 | """ |
|---|
| 211 | Return Singular polynomial matching this polynomial. |
|---|
| 212 | |
|---|
| 213 | INPUT: |
|---|
| 214 | singular -- Singular instance to use |
|---|
| 215 | |
|---|
| 216 | have_ring -- if True we will not attempt to set this |
|---|
| 217 | element's ring as the current Singular |
|---|
| 218 | ring. This is useful to speed up a batch of |
|---|
| 219 | f._singular_() calls. However, it's dangerous |
|---|
| 220 | as it might lead to wrong results if another |
|---|
| 221 | ring is singluar.current_ring(). (default: |
|---|
| 222 | False) |
|---|
| 223 | |
|---|
| 224 | EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 225 | sage: R = PolynomialRing(GF(7)) |
|---|
| 226 | sage: x = R.gen() |
|---|
| 227 | sage: f = (x^3 + 2*x^2*x)^7; f |
|---|
| 228 | 3*x^21 |
|---|
| 229 | sage: h = f._singular_(); h |
|---|
| 230 | 3*x^21 |
|---|
| 231 | sage: R(h) |
|---|
| 232 | 3*x^21 |
|---|
| 233 | sage: R(h^20) == f^20 |
|---|
| 234 | True |
|---|
| 235 | sage: R = PolynomialRing(GF(7), 2, ['x','y']) |
|---|
| 236 | sage: x, y = R.gens() |
|---|
| 237 | sage: f = (x^3 + 2*y^2*x)^7; f |
|---|
| 238 | 2*x^7*y^14 + x^21 |
|---|
| 239 | sage: h = f._singular_(); h |
|---|
| 240 | x^21+2*x^7*y^14 |
|---|
| 241 | sage: R(h) |
|---|
| 242 | 2*x^7*y^14 + x^21 |
|---|
| 243 | sage: R(h^20) == f^20 |
|---|
| 244 | True |
|---|
| 245 | """ |
|---|
| 246 | if not have_ring: |
|---|
| 247 | self.parent()._singular_(singular).set_ring() #this is expensive |
|---|
| 248 | |
|---|
| 249 | try: |
|---|
| 250 | self.__singular._check_valid() |
|---|
| 251 | if self.__singular.parent() is singular: |
|---|
| 252 | return self.__singular |
|---|
| 253 | except (AttributeError,ValueError): |
|---|
| 254 | pass |
|---|
| 255 | return self._singular_init_(singular,have_ring=have_ring) |
|---|
| 256 | |
|---|
| 257 | def _singular_init_(self, singular=singular_default, have_ring=False): |
|---|
| 258 | """ |
|---|
| 259 | Return corresponding Singular polynomial but enforce that a new |
|---|
| 260 | instance is created in the Singular interpreter. |
|---|
| 261 | |
|---|
| 262 | Use self._singular_() instead. |
|---|
| 263 | """ |
|---|
| 264 | if not have_ring: |
|---|
| 265 | self.parent()._singular_(singular).set_ring() #this is expensive |
|---|
| 266 | |
|---|
| 267 | self.__singular = singular(str(self)) |
|---|
| 268 | |
|---|
| 269 | return self.__singular |
|---|
| 270 | |
|---|
| 271 | def lcm(self, right, have_ring=False): |
|---|
| 272 | """ |
|---|
| 273 | Returns the least common multiple of this element and the right element. |
|---|
| 274 | |
|---|
| 275 | INPUT: |
|---|
| 276 | right -- multivariate polynomial |
|---|
| 277 | have_ring -- see self._singular_() (default:False) |
|---|
| 278 | |
|---|
| 279 | OUTPUT: |
|---|
| 280 | multivariate polynomial representing the least common |
|---|
| 281 | multiple of self and right |
|---|
| 282 | |
|---|
| 283 | ALGORITHM: Singular |
|---|
| 284 | |
|---|
| 285 | EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 286 | sage: r=MPolynomialRing(GF(2**8),2,'x') |
|---|
| 287 | sage: x,y=r.gens() |
|---|
| 288 | sage: k=r.base_ring() |
|---|
| 289 | sage: f=k('a^2+a')*x^2*y + k('a^4+a^3+a')*y + k('a^5') |
|---|
| 290 | sage: f.lcm(x^4) |
|---|
| 291 | a^5*x0^4 + (a^4 + a^3 + a)*x0^4*x1 + (a^2 + a)*x0^6*x1 |
|---|
| 292 | """ |
|---|
| 293 | lcm = self._singular_(have_ring=have_ring).lcm(right._singular_(have_ring=have_ring)) |
|---|
| 294 | return lcm.sage_poly(self.parent()) |
|---|
| 295 | |
|---|
| 296 | ## def lt(self, have_ring=False): |
|---|
| 297 | ## """ |
|---|
| 298 | ## Returns the leading (or initial) term of a polynomial |
|---|
| 299 | ## with respect to the monomial ordering. |
|---|
| 300 | |
|---|
| 301 | ## INPUT: |
|---|
| 302 | ## have_ring -- see self.singular_() (default: False) |
|---|
| 303 | |
|---|
| 304 | ## OUTPUT: |
|---|
| 305 | ## multivariate polynomial representing the lead term of self i.e., |
|---|
| 306 | ## self.lc()*self.lm() |
|---|
| 307 | |
|---|
| 308 | ## ALGORITHM: Singular |
|---|
| 309 | |
|---|
| 310 | ## EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 311 | ## sage: r=MPolynomialRing(GF(2**8),2,'x') |
|---|
| 312 | ## sage: x,y=r.gens() |
|---|
| 313 | ## sage: k=r.base_ring() |
|---|
| 314 | ## sage: f=k('a^2+a')*x^2 + k('a^4+a^3+a')*y^2 + k('a^5') |
|---|
| 315 | ## sage: f.lt() |
|---|
| 316 | ## (a^2 + a)*x0^2 |
|---|
| 317 | |
|---|
| 318 | ## sage: r=MPolynomialRing(GF(2**8),2,'x','deglex') |
|---|
| 319 | ## sage: x,y=r.gens() |
|---|
| 320 | ## sage: k=r.base_ring() |
|---|
| 321 | ## sage: f=k('a^2+a')*x^2 + k('a^4+a^3+a')*y^3 + k('a^5') |
|---|
| 322 | ## sage: f.lt() |
|---|
| 323 | ## (a^4 + a^3 + a)*x1^3 |
|---|
| 324 | |
|---|
| 325 | ## """ |
|---|
| 326 | ## try: |
|---|
| 327 | ## return self.__lt |
|---|
| 328 | ## except AttributeError: |
|---|
| 329 | ## self.__lt = self._singular_(have_ring=have_ring).lead().sage_poly(self.parent()) |
|---|
| 330 | ## return self.__lt |
|---|
| 331 | |
|---|
| 332 | ## def lm(self, have_ring=False): |
|---|
| 333 | ## """ |
|---|
| 334 | ## Returns the leading monomial of a multivariate polynomial as a |
|---|
| 335 | ## multivariate polynomial whose coefficient is one. |
|---|
| 336 | |
|---|
| 337 | ## INPUT: |
|---|
| 338 | ## have_ring -- see self.singular_() (default: False) |
|---|
| 339 | |
|---|
| 340 | ## OUTPUT: |
|---|
| 341 | ## multivariate polynomial representing the lead monomial of self |
|---|
| 342 | |
|---|
| 343 | ## ALGORITHM: Singular |
|---|
| 344 | |
|---|
| 345 | ## EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 346 | ## sage: r=MPolynomialRing(GF(2**8),2,'x') |
|---|
| 347 | ## sage: x,y=r.gens() |
|---|
| 348 | ## sage: k=r.base_ring() |
|---|
| 349 | ## sage: f=k('a^2+a')*x^2 + k('a^4+a^3+a')*y^2 + k('a^5') |
|---|
| 350 | ## sage: f.lm() |
|---|
| 351 | ## x0^2 |
|---|
| 352 | |
|---|
| 353 | ## sage: r=MPolynomialRing(GF(2**8),2,'x','deglex') |
|---|
| 354 | ## sage: x,y=r.gens() |
|---|
| 355 | ## sage: k=r.base_ring() |
|---|
| 356 | ## sage: f=k('a^2+a')*x^2 + k('a^4+a^3+a')*y^3 + k('a^5') |
|---|
| 357 | ## sage: f.lm() |
|---|
| 358 | ## x1^3 |
|---|
| 359 | ## """ |
|---|
| 360 | ## try: |
|---|
| 361 | ## return self.__lm |
|---|
| 362 | ## except AttributeError: |
|---|
| 363 | ## self.__lm = self._singular_(have_ring=have_ring).leadmonom().sage_poly(self.parent()) |
|---|
| 364 | ## return self.__lm |
|---|
| 365 | |
|---|
| 366 | ## def lc(self, have_ring=False): |
|---|
| 367 | ## """ |
|---|
| 368 | ## Returns the leading (or initial) coefficient of a polynomial |
|---|
| 369 | ## with respect to the monomial ordering. |
|---|
| 370 | |
|---|
| 371 | ## INPUT: |
|---|
| 372 | ## have_ring -- see self.singular_() (default: False) |
|---|
| 373 | |
|---|
| 374 | ## OUTPUT: |
|---|
| 375 | ## multivariate polynomial representing the lead coefficent of self |
|---|
| 376 | |
|---|
| 377 | ## ALGORITHM: Singular |
|---|
| 378 | |
|---|
| 379 | ## EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 380 | ## sage: r=MPolynomialRing(GF(2**8),2,'x') |
|---|
| 381 | ## sage: x,y=r.gens() |
|---|
| 382 | ## sage: k=r.base_ring() |
|---|
| 383 | ## sage: f=k('a^2+a')*x^2 + k('a^4+a^3+a')*y^2 + k('a^5') |
|---|
| 384 | ## sage: f.lc() |
|---|
| 385 | ## a^2 + a |
|---|
| 386 | |
|---|
| 387 | ## sage: r=MPolynomialRing(GF(2**8),2,'x','deglex') |
|---|
| 388 | ## sage: x,y=r.gens() |
|---|
| 389 | ## sage: k=r.base_ring() |
|---|
| 390 | ## sage: f=k('a^2+a')*x^2 + k('a^4+a^3+a')*y^3 + k('a^5') |
|---|
| 391 | ## sage: f.lc() |
|---|
| 392 | ## a^4 + a^3 + a |
|---|
| 393 | |
|---|
| 394 | ## sage: R.<x,y,z> = PolynomialRing(QQ,3) |
|---|
| 395 | ## sage: f = (-1/3)*(1+x+y+z) |
|---|
| 396 | ## sage: (f^3).lc() |
|---|
| 397 | ## -1/27 |
|---|
| 398 | ## """ |
|---|
| 399 | ## try: |
|---|
| 400 | ## return self.__lc |
|---|
| 401 | ## except AttributeError: |
|---|
| 402 | ## c = self._singular_(have_ring=have_ring).leadcoef().sage_poly(self.parent()) |
|---|
| 403 | ## self.__lc = self.base_ring()(c.constant_coefficient()) |
|---|
| 404 | ## return self.__lc |
|---|