| 1 | """ |
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| 2 | Polynomial Interfaces to Singular |
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| 3 | |
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| 4 | AUTHORS: |
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| 5 | -- Martin Albrecht <malb@informatik.uni-bremen.de> (2006-04-21) |
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| 6 | |
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| 7 | TESTS: |
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| 8 | sage: R = MPolynomialRing(GF(2**8,'a'),10,'x', order='revlex') |
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| 9 | sage: R == loads(dumps(R)) |
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| 10 | True |
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| 11 | sage: P.<a,b> = PolynomialRing(GF(7), 2) |
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| 12 | sage: f = (a^3 + 2*b^2*a)^7; f |
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| 13 | a^21 + 2*a^7*b^14 |
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| 14 | |
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| 15 | """ |
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| 16 | |
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| 17 | ################################################################# |
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| 18 | # |
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| 19 | # SAGE: System for Algebra and Geometry Experimentation |
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| 20 | # |
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| 21 | # Copyright (C) 2006 William Stein <wstein@gmail.com> |
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| 22 | # |
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| 23 | # Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) |
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| 24 | # |
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| 25 | # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
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| 26 | # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
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| 27 | # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU |
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| 28 | # General Public License for more details. |
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| 29 | # |
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| 30 | # The full text of the GPL is available at: |
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| 31 | # |
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| 32 | # http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ |
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| 33 | # |
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| 34 | ###################################################################### |
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| 35 | |
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| 36 | import sage.rings.finite_field |
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| 37 | import sage.rings.number_field as number_field |
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| 38 | |
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| 39 | from sage.interfaces.all import singular as singular_default, is_SingularElement |
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| 40 | from sage.rings.complex_field import is_ComplexField |
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| 41 | from sage.rings.real_mpfr import is_RealField |
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| 42 | from sage.rings.complex_double import is_ComplexDoubleField |
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| 43 | from sage.rings.real_double import is_RealDoubleField |
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| 44 | from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ |
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| 45 | import sage.rings.arith |
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| 46 | import sage.rings.ring |
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| 47 | |
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| 48 | |
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| 49 | class PolynomialRing_singular_repr: |
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| 50 | """ |
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| 51 | Implements methods to convert polynomial rings to Singular. |
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| 52 | |
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| 53 | This class is a base class for all univariate and multivariate |
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| 54 | polynomial rings which support conversion from and to Singular |
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| 55 | rings. |
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| 56 | """ |
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| 57 | def _singular_(self, singular=singular_default, force=False): |
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| 58 | """ |
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| 59 | Returns a singular ring for this polynomial ring over a field. |
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| 60 | Currently QQ, GF(p), and GF(p^n), CC, and RR are supported. |
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| 61 | |
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| 62 | INPUT: |
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| 63 | singular -- Singular instance |
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| 64 | force -- polynomials over ZZ may be coerced to Singular by |
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| 65 | treating them as polynomials over RR. This is |
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| 66 | inexact but works for some cases where the |
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| 67 | coeffients are not considered (default: False). |
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| 68 | |
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| 69 | OUTPUT: |
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| 70 | singular ring matching this ring |
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| 71 | |
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| 72 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 73 | sage: r = MPolynomialRing(GF(2**8,'a'),10,'x', order='revlex') |
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| 74 | sage: r._singular_() |
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| 75 | // characteristic : 2 |
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| 76 | // 1 parameter : a |
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| 77 | // minpoly : (a^8+a^4+a^3+a^2+1) |
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| 78 | // number of vars : 10 |
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| 79 | // block 1 : ordering rp |
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| 80 | // : names x0 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 x9 |
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| 81 | // block 2 : ordering C |
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| 82 | sage: r = MPolynomialRing(GF(127),2,'x', order='revlex') |
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| 83 | sage: r._singular_() |
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| 84 | // characteristic : 127 |
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| 85 | // number of vars : 2 |
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| 86 | // block 1 : ordering rp |
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| 87 | // : names x0 x1 |
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| 88 | // block 2 : ordering C |
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| 89 | sage: r = MPolynomialRing(QQ,2,'x', order='revlex') |
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| 90 | sage: r._singular_() |
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| 91 | // characteristic : 0 |
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| 92 | // number of vars : 2 |
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| 93 | // block 1 : ordering rp |
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| 94 | // : names x0 x1 |
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| 95 | // block 2 : ordering C |
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| 96 | sage: r = PolynomialRing(QQ,'x') |
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| 97 | sage: r._singular_() |
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| 98 | // characteristic : 0 |
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| 99 | // number of vars : 1 |
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| 100 | // block 1 : ordering lp |
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| 101 | // : names x |
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| 102 | // block 2 : ordering C |
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| 103 | sage: r = PolynomialRing(GF(127),'x') |
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| 104 | sage: r._singular_() |
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| 105 | // characteristic : 127 |
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| 106 | // number of vars : 1 |
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| 107 | // block 1 : ordering lp |
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| 108 | // : names x |
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| 109 | // block 2 : ordering C |
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| 110 | sage: r = PolynomialRing(GF(2**8,'a'),'y') |
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| 111 | sage: r._singular_() |
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| 112 | // characteristic : 2 |
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| 113 | // 1 parameter : a |
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| 114 | // minpoly : (a^8+a^4+a^3+a^2+1) |
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| 115 | // number of vars : 1 |
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| 116 | // block 1 : ordering lp |
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| 117 | // : names y |
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| 118 | // block 2 : ordering C |
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| 119 | sage: R.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(CC,'x',2) |
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| 120 | sage: R._singular_() |
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| 121 | // characteristic : 0 (complex:15 digits, additional 0 digits) |
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| 122 | // 1 parameter : I |
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| 123 | // minpoly : (I^2+1) |
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| 124 | // number of vars : 2 |
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| 125 | // block 1 : ordering dp |
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| 126 | // : names x y |
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| 127 | // block 2 : ordering C |
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| 128 | sage: R.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(RealField(100),'x',2) |
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| 129 | sage: R._singular_() |
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| 130 | // characteristic : 0 (real:29 digits, additional 0 digits) |
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| 131 | // number of vars : 2 |
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| 132 | // block 1 : ordering dp |
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| 133 | // : names x y |
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| 134 | // block 2 : ordering C |
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| 135 | |
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| 136 | sage: w = var('w') |
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| 137 | sage: R.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(NumberField(w^2+1,'s')) |
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| 138 | sage: R._singular_() |
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| 139 | // characteristic : 0 |
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| 140 | // 1 parameter : s |
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| 141 | // minpoly : (s^2+1) |
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| 142 | // number of vars : 2 |
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| 143 | // block 1 : ordering dp |
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| 144 | // : names x y |
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| 145 | // block 2 : ordering C |
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| 146 | |
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| 147 | WARNING: |
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| 148 | If the base ring is a finite extension field or a number field |
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| 149 | the ring will not only be returned but also be set as the current |
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| 150 | ring in Singular. |
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| 151 | |
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| 152 | NOTE: |
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| 153 | Singular represents precision of floating point numbers base 10 |
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| 154 | while SAGE represents floating point precision base 2. |
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| 155 | """ |
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| 156 | try: |
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| 157 | R = self.__singular |
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| 158 | if not (R.parent() is singular): |
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| 159 | raise ValueError |
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| 160 | R._check_valid() |
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| 161 | if self.base_ring() is ZZ or self.base_ring().is_prime_field(): |
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| 162 | return R |
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| 163 | if sage.rings.ring.is_FiniteField(self.base_ring()) or\ |
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| 164 | number_field.number_field.is_NumberField(self.base_ring()): |
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| 165 | R.set_ring() #sorry for that, but needed for minpoly |
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| 166 | if singular.eval('minpoly') != self.__minpoly: |
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| 167 | singular.eval("minpoly=%s"%(self.__minpoly)) |
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| 168 | return R |
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| 169 | except (AttributeError, ValueError): |
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| 170 | return self._singular_init_(singular, force) |
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| 171 | |
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| 172 | def _singular_init_(self, singular=singular_default, force=False): |
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| 173 | """ |
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| 174 | Return a newly created Singular ring matching this ring. |
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| 175 | """ |
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| 176 | if not self._can_convert_to_singular() and not force: |
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| 177 | raise TypeError, "no conversion of this ring to a Singular ring defined" |
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| 178 | |
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| 179 | if self.ngens()==1: |
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| 180 | _vars = str(self.gen()) |
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| 181 | if "*" in _vars: # 1.000...000*x |
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| 182 | _vars = _vars.split("*")[1] |
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| 183 | order = 'lp' |
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| 184 | else: |
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| 185 | _vars = str(self.gens()) |
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| 186 | order = self.term_order().singular_str() |
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| 187 | |
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| 188 | if is_RealField(self.base_ring()): |
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| 189 | # singular converts to bits from base_10 in mpr_complex.cc by: |
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| 190 | # size_t bits = 1 + (size_t) ((float)digits * 3.5); |
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| 191 | precision = self.base_ring().precision() |
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| 192 | digits = sage.rings.arith.integer_ceil((2*precision - 2)/7.0) |
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| 193 | self.__singular = singular.ring("(real,%d,0)"%digits, _vars, order=order, check=False) |
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| 194 | |
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| 195 | elif is_ComplexField(self.base_ring()): |
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| 196 | # singular converts to bits from base_10 in mpr_complex.cc by: |
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| 197 | # size_t bits = 1 + (size_t) ((float)digits * 3.5); |
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| 198 | precision = self.base_ring().precision() |
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| 199 | digits = sage.rings.arith.integer_ceil((2*precision - 2)/7.0) |
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| 200 | self.__singular = singular.ring("(complex,%d,0,I)"%digits, _vars, order=order, check=False) |
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| 201 | |
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| 202 | elif is_RealDoubleField(self.base_ring()): |
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| 203 | # singular converts to bits from base_10 in mpr_complex.cc by: |
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| 204 | # size_t bits = 1 + (size_t) ((float)digits * 3.5); |
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| 205 | self.__singular = singular.ring("(real,15,0)", _vars, order=order, check=False) |
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| 206 | |
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| 207 | elif is_ComplexDoubleField(self.base_ring()): |
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| 208 | # singular converts to bits from base_10 in mpr_complex.cc by: |
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| 209 | # size_t bits = 1 + (size_t) ((float)digits * 3.5); |
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| 210 | self.__singular = singular.ring("(complex,15,0,I)", _vars, order=order, check=False) |
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| 211 | |
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| 212 | elif self.base_ring().is_prime_field() or (self.base_ring() is ZZ and force): |
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| 213 | self.__singular = singular.ring(self.characteristic(), _vars, order=order, check=False) |
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| 214 | |
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| 215 | elif sage.rings.ring.is_FiniteField(self.base_ring()): |
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| 216 | # not the prime field! |
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| 217 | gen = str(self.base_ring().gen()) |
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| 218 | r = singular.ring( "(%s,%s)"%(self.characteristic(),gen), _vars, order=order, check=False) |
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| 219 | self.__minpoly = "("+(str(self.base_ring().modulus()).replace("x",gen)).replace(" ","")+")" |
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| 220 | singular.eval("minpoly=%s"%(self.__minpoly) ) |
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| 221 | |
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| 222 | self.__singular = r |
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| 223 | elif number_field.number_field.is_NumberField(self.base_ring()): |
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| 224 | # not the rationals! |
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| 225 | gen = str(self.base_ring().gen()) |
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| 226 | poly=self.base_ring().polynomial() |
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| 227 | poly_gen=str(poly.parent().gen()) |
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| 228 | poly_str=str(poly).replace(poly_gen,gen) |
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| 229 | r = singular.ring( "(%s,%s)"%(self.characteristic(),gen), _vars, order=order, check=False) |
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| 230 | self.__minpoly = "("+(poly_str).replace(" ","")+")" |
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| 231 | singular.eval("minpoly=%s"%(self.__minpoly) ) |
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| 232 | |
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| 233 | self.__singular = r |
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| 234 | |
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| 235 | |
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| 236 | else: |
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| 237 | raise TypeError, "no conversion to a Singular ring defined" |
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| 238 | |
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| 239 | return self.__singular |
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| 240 | |
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| 241 | def _can_convert_to_singular(self): |
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| 242 | """ |
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| 243 | Returns True if this ring's base field or ring can be |
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| 244 | represented in Singular. If this is True then this polynomial |
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| 245 | ring can be represented in Singular. |
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| 246 | |
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| 247 | The following base rings are supported: $GF(p)$, $GF(p^n)$, |
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| 248 | rationals, number fields, and real and complex fields. |
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| 249 | """ |
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| 250 | base_ring = self.base_ring() |
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| 251 | return ( sage.rings.ring.is_FiniteField(base_ring) |
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| 252 | or base_ring.is_prime_field() |
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| 253 | or is_RealField(base_ring) |
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| 254 | or is_ComplexField(base_ring) |
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| 255 | or is_RealDoubleField(base_ring) |
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| 256 | or is_ComplexDoubleField(base_ring) |
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| 257 | or number_field.number_field.is_NumberField(base_ring) |
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| 258 | or base_ring is ZZ ) |
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| 259 | |
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| 260 | |
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| 261 | class Polynomial_singular_repr: |
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| 262 | """ |
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| 263 | Implements coercion of polynomials to Singular polynomials. |
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| 264 | |
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| 265 | This class is a base class for all (univariate and multivariate) |
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| 266 | polynomial classes which support conversion from and to |
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| 267 | Singular polynomials. |
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| 268 | """ |
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| 269 | def _singular_(self, singular=singular_default, have_ring=False, force=False): |
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| 270 | """ |
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| 271 | Return Singular polynomial matching this polynomial. |
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| 272 | |
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| 273 | INPUT: |
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| 274 | singular -- Singular instance to use |
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| 275 | |
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| 276 | have_ring -- if True we will not attempt to set this |
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| 277 | element's ring as the current Singular |
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| 278 | ring. This is useful to speed up a batch of |
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| 279 | f._singular_() calls. However, it's dangerous |
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| 280 | as it might lead to wrong results if another |
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| 281 | ring is singluar.current_ring(). (default: |
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| 282 | False) |
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| 283 | |
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| 284 | force -- polynomials over ZZ may be coerced to Singular by |
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| 285 | treating them as polynomials over QQ. This is |
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| 286 | inexact but works for some cases where the |
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| 287 | coeffients are not considered (default: False). |
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| 288 | |
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| 289 | |
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| 290 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 291 | sage: P.<a,b> = PolynomialRing(GF(7), 2) |
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| 292 | sage: f = (a^3 + 2*b^2*a)^7; f |
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| 293 | a^21 + 2*a^7*b^14 |
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| 294 | sage: h = f._singular_(); h |
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| 295 | a^21+2*a^7*b^14 |
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| 296 | sage: P(h) |
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| 297 | a^21 + 2*a^7*b^14 |
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| 298 | sage: P(h^20) == f^20 |
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| 299 | True |
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| 300 | |
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| 301 | sage: R.<x> = PolynomialRing(GF(7)) |
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| 302 | sage: f = (x^3 + 2*x^2*x)^7 |
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| 303 | sage: f |
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| 304 | 3*x^21 |
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| 305 | sage: h = f._singular_(); h |
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| 306 | 3*x^21 |
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| 307 | sage: R(h) |
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| 308 | 3*x^21 |
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| 309 | sage: R(h^20) == f^20 |
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| 310 | True |
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| 311 | """ |
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| 312 | if not have_ring: |
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| 313 | self.parent()._singular_(singular,force=force).set_ring() #this is expensive |
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| 314 | |
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| 315 | try: |
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| 316 | self.__singular._check_valid() |
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| 317 | if self.__singular.parent() is singular: |
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| 318 | return self.__singular |
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| 319 | except (AttributeError,ValueError): |
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| 320 | pass |
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| 321 | return self._singular_init_(singular,have_ring=have_ring) |
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| 322 | |
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| 323 | def _singular_init_(self, singular=singular_default, have_ring=False, force=False): |
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| 324 | """ |
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| 325 | Return corresponding Singular polynomial but enforce that a new |
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| 326 | instance is created in the Singular interpreter. |
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| 327 | |
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| 328 | Use self._singular_() instead. |
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| 329 | """ |
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| 330 | if not have_ring: |
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| 331 | self.parent()._singular_(singular,force=force).set_ring() #this is expensive |
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| 332 | |
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| 333 | self.__singular = singular(str(self)) |
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| 334 | |
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| 335 | return self.__singular |
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| 336 | |
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| 337 | def lcm(self, right, have_ring=False): |
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| 338 | """ |
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| 339 | Returns the least common multiple of this element and the right element. |
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| 340 | |
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| 341 | INPUT: |
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| 342 | right -- multivariate polynomial |
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| 343 | have_ring -- see self._singular_() (default:False) |
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| 344 | |
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| 345 | OUTPUT: |
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| 346 | multivariate polynomial representing the least common |
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| 347 | multiple of self and right |
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| 348 | |
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| 349 | ALGORITHM: Singular |
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| 350 | |
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| 351 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 352 | sage: r.<x,y> = MPolynomialRing(GF(2**8,'a'),2) |
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| 353 | sage: a = r.base_ring().0 |
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| 354 | sage: f = (a^2+a)*x^2*y + (a^4+a^3+a)*y + a^5 |
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| 355 | sage: f.lcm(x^4) |
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| 356 | (a^2 + a)*x^6*y + (a^4 + a^3 + a)*x^4*y + (a^5)*x^4 |
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| 357 | |
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| 358 | sage: w = var('w') |
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| 359 | sage: r.<x,y> = MPolynomialRing(NumberField(w^4+1,'a'),2) |
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| 360 | sage: a = r.base_ring().0 |
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| 361 | sage: f = (a^2+a)*x^2*y + (a^4+a^3+a)*y + a^5 |
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| 362 | sage: f.lcm(x^4) |
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| 363 | (a^2 + a)*x^6*y + (a^3 + a - 1)*x^4*y + (-a)*x^4 |
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| 364 | """ |
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| 365 | lcm = self._singular_(have_ring=have_ring).lcm(right._singular_(have_ring=have_ring)) |
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| 366 | return lcm.sage_poly(self.parent()) |
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| 367 | |
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| 368 | def diff(self, variable, have_ring=False): |
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| 369 | """ |
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| 370 | Differentiates self with respect to the provided variable. This |
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| 371 | is completely symbolic so it is also defined over e.g. finite |
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| 372 | fields. |
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| 373 | |
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| 374 | INPUT: |
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| 375 | variable -- the derivative is taken with respect to variable |
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| 376 | have_ring -- see self._singular_() (default:False) |
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| 377 | |
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| 378 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 379 | sage: R.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(RR,2) |
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| 380 | sage: f = 3*x^3*y^2 + 5*y^2 + 3*x + 2 |
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| 381 | sage: f.diff(x) |
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| 382 | 9.00000000000000*x^2*y^2 + 3.00000000000000 |
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| 383 | sage: f.diff(y) |
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| 384 | 6.00000000000000*x^3*y + 10.0000000000000*y |
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| 385 | |
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| 386 | The derivate is also defined over finite fields: |
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| 387 | |
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| 388 | sage: R.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(GF(2**8, 'a'),2) |
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| 389 | sage: f = x^3*y^2 + y^2 + x + 2 |
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| 390 | sage: f.diff(x) |
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| 391 | x^2*y^2 + 1 |
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| 392 | |
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| 393 | The new coefficients are coerced to the base ring: |
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| 394 | |
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| 395 | sage: f.diff(y) |
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| 396 | 0 |
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| 397 | |
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| 398 | sage: w = var('w') |
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| 399 | sage: R.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(NumberField(w^3-2, 'a'),2) |
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| 400 | sage: a=R.base_ring().0 |
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| 401 | sage: f = x^3*y^2 + y^2 + a*x + 2 |
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| 402 | sage: f.diff(x) |
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| 403 | 3*x^2*y^2 + a |
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| 404 | |
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| 405 | ALGORITHM: Singular |
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| 406 | |
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| 407 | """ |
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| 408 | df = self._singular_(have_ring=have_ring).diff(variable._singular_(have_ring=have_ring)) |
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| 409 | return df.sage_poly(self.parent()) |
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| 410 | |
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| 411 | |
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| 412 | def resultant(self, other, variable=None): |
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| 413 | """ |
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| 414 | computes the resultant of self and the first argument with |
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| 415 | respect to the variable given as the second argument. |
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| 416 | |
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| 417 | If a second argument is not provide the first variable of |
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| 418 | self.parent() is chosen. |
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| 419 | |
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| 420 | INPUT: |
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| 421 | other -- polynomial in self.parent() |
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| 422 | variable -- optional variable (of type polynomial) in self.parent() (default: None) |
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| 423 | |
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| 424 | EXAMPLE: |
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| 425 | sage: P.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(QQ,2) |
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| 426 | sage: a = x+y |
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| 427 | sage: b = x^3-y^3 |
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| 428 | sage: c = a.resultant(b); c |
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| 429 | -2*y^3 |
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| 430 | sage: d = a.resultant(b,y); d |
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| 431 | 2*x^3 |
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| 432 | |
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| 433 | TESTS: |
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| 434 | sage: from sage.rings.polynomial.multi_polynomial_ring import MPolynomialRing_polydict_domain |
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| 435 | sage: P.<x,y> = MPolynomialRing_polydict_domain(QQ,2,order='degrevlex') |
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| 436 | sage: a = x+y |
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| 437 | sage: b = x^3-y^3 |
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| 438 | sage: c = a.resultant(b); c |
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| 439 | -2*y^3 |
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| 440 | sage: d = a.resultant(b,y); d |
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| 441 | 2*x^3 |
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| 442 | |
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| 443 | """ |
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| 444 | if variable is None: |
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| 445 | variable = self.parent().gen(0) |
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| 446 | rt = self._singular_().resultant(other._singular_(), variable._singular_()) |
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| 447 | r = rt.sage_poly(self.parent()) |
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| 448 | if self.parent().ngens() <= 1 and r.degree() <= 0: |
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| 449 | return self.parent().base_ring()(r[0]) |
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| 450 | else: |
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| 451 | return r |
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