| 1 | """ |
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| 2 | Ideals in multivariate polynomial rings. |
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| 3 | |
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| 4 | Most functionality of multivariate polynomial ideals in SAGE is |
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| 5 | provided through SINGULAR. |
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| 6 | |
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| 7 | AUTHOR: |
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| 8 | -- William Stein |
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| 9 | -- Kiran S. Kedlaya (2006-02-12): added Macaulay2 analogues of |
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| 10 | some Singular features |
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| 11 | -- Martin Albrecht |
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| 12 | |
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| 13 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 14 | sage: x,y,z = QQ['x,y,z'].gens() |
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| 15 | sage: I = ideal(x^5 + y^4 + z^3 - 1, x^3 + y^3 + z^2 - 1) |
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| 16 | sage: B = I.groebner_basis() |
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| 17 | sage: len(B) |
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| 18 | 3 |
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| 19 | sage: [f in I for f in I.gens()] |
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| 20 | [True, True] |
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| 21 | |
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| 22 | sage: f = I.gens()[0] |
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| 23 | sage: I.reduce(f) |
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| 24 | 0 |
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| 25 | |
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| 26 | sage: g = I.gens()[1] |
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| 27 | sage: I.reduce(g) |
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| 28 | 0 |
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| 29 | |
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| 30 | sage: I.reduce(g+x^2) |
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| 31 | x^2 |
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| 32 | |
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| 33 | We compute a Groebner basis for cyclic 6, which is a standard |
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| 34 | benchmark and test ideal. |
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| 35 | |
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| 36 | sage: R.<x,y,z,t,u,v> = QQ['x,y,z,t,u,v'] |
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| 37 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Cyclic(R,6) |
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| 38 | sage: B = I.groebner_basis() |
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| 39 | sage: len(B) |
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| 40 | 45 |
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| 41 | |
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| 42 | We compute in a quotient of a polynomial ring over Z/17*Z: |
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| 43 | sage: R.<x,y> = ZZ[] |
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| 44 | sage: S.<a,b> = R.quotient((x^2 + y^2, 17)) # optional -- requires Macaulay2 |
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| 45 | sage: S # optional |
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| 46 | Quotient of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y over Integer Ring by the ideal (x^2 + y^2, 17) |
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| 47 | sage: a^2 + b^2 == 0 # optional |
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| 48 | True |
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| 49 | sage: a^3 - b^2 # optional |
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| 50 | -1*a*b^2 - b^2 |
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| 51 | sage: (a+b)^17 # optional |
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| 52 | a*b^16 + b^17 |
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| 53 | sage: S(17) == 0 # optional |
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| 54 | True |
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| 55 | |
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| 56 | Working with a polynomial ring over ZZ: |
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| 57 | sage: R.<x,y,z,w> = ZZ['x,y,z,w'] |
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| 58 | sage: i = ideal(x^2 + y^2 - z^2 - w^2, x-y) |
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| 59 | sage: j = i^2 |
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| 60 | sage: j.groebner_basis() # optional |
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| 61 | [x^2 - 2*x*y + y^2, 2*x*y^2 - 2*y^3 - x*z^2 + y*z^2 - x*w^2 + y*w^2, 4*y^4 - 4*y^2*z^2 + z^4 - 4*y^2*w^2 + 2*z^2*w^2 + w^4] |
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| 62 | sage: y^2 - 2*x*y + x^2 in j # optional |
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| 63 | True |
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| 64 | sage: 0 in j # optional |
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| 65 | True |
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| 66 | |
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| 67 | We do a Groebner basis computation over a number field: |
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| 68 | sage: K.<zeta> = CyclotomicField(3) |
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| 69 | sage: R.<x,y,z> = K[]; R |
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| 70 | Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Cyclotomic Field of order 3 and degree 2 |
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| 71 | sage: i = ideal(x - zeta*y + 1, x^3 - zeta*y^3); i |
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| 72 | Ideal (x + (-zeta)*y + 1, x^3 + (-zeta)*y^3) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Cyclotomic Field of order 3 and degree 2 |
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| 73 | sage: i.groebner_basis() |
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| 74 | [x + (-zeta)*y + 1, 3*y^3 + (6*zeta + 3)*y^2 + (3*zeta - 3)*y - zeta - 2] |
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| 75 | sage: S = R.quotient(i); S |
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| 76 | Quotient of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Cyclotomic Field of order 3 and degree 2 by the ideal (x + (-zeta)*y + 1, x^3 + (-zeta)*y^3) |
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| 77 | sage: S.0 - zeta*S.1 |
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| 78 | -1 |
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| 79 | sage: S.0^3 - zeta*S.1^3 |
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| 80 | 0 |
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| 81 | |
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| 82 | Two examples from the Mathematica documentation (done in SAGE): |
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| 83 | We compute a Groebner basis: |
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| 84 | sage: R.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(QQ, order='lex') |
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| 85 | sage: ideal(x^2 - 2*y^2, x*y - 3).groebner_basis() |
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| 86 | [2*y^4 - 9, 3*x - 2*y^3] |
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| 87 | |
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| 88 | We show that three polynomials have no common root: |
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| 89 | sage: R.<x,y> = QQ[] |
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| 90 | sage: ideal(x+y, x^2 - 1, y^2 - 2*x).groebner_basis() |
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| 91 | [1] |
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| 92 | |
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| 93 | TESTS: |
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| 94 | sage: x,y,z = QQ['x,y,z'].gens() |
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| 95 | sage: I = ideal(x^5 + y^4 + z^3 - 1, x^3 + y^3 + z^2 - 1) |
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| 96 | sage: I == loads(dumps(I)) |
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| 97 | True |
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| 98 | |
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| 99 | """ |
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| 100 | |
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| 101 | #***************************************************************************** |
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| 102 | # |
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| 103 | # SAGE: System for Algebra and Geometry Experimentation |
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| 104 | # |
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| 105 | # Copyright (C) 2005 William Stein <wstein@gmail.com> |
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| 106 | # |
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| 107 | # Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) |
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| 108 | # |
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| 109 | # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
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| 110 | # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
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| 111 | # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU |
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| 112 | # General Public License for more details. |
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| 113 | # |
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| 114 | # The full text of the GPL is available at: |
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| 115 | # |
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| 116 | # http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ |
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| 117 | #***************************************************************************** |
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| 118 | |
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| 119 | from sage.rings.ideal import Ideal_generic |
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| 120 | from sage.interfaces.all import singular as singular_default, is_SingularElement |
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| 121 | from sage.interfaces.all import macaulay2 as macaulay2_default |
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| 122 | from sage.interfaces.all import is_SingularElement |
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| 123 | singular = singular_default |
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| 124 | from sage.rings.integer import Integer |
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| 125 | from sage.structure.sequence import Sequence |
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| 126 | from sage.misc.sage_eval import sage_eval |
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| 127 | from sage.misc.misc import prod |
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| 128 | import sage.rings.integer_ring |
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| 129 | import sage.rings.polynomial.toy_buchberger as toy_buchberger |
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| 130 | |
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| 131 | def is_MPolynomialIdeal(x): |
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| 132 | return isinstance(x, MPolynomialIdeal) |
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| 133 | |
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| 134 | class MPolynomialIdeal_magma_repr: |
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| 135 | def _magma_(self, magma=None): |
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| 136 | """ |
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| 137 | Returns a MAGMA ideal matching self if the base ring coercable to MAGMA |
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| 138 | and MAGMA is available. |
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| 139 | |
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| 140 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 141 | sage: R.<a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j> = PolynomialRing(GF(127),10) |
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| 142 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Cyclic(R,4) |
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| 143 | sage: I._magma_() #optional MAGMA |
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| 144 | Ideal of Polynomial ring of rank 10 over GF(127) |
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| 145 | Graded Reverse Lexicographical Order |
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| 146 | Variables: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j |
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| 147 | Basis: |
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| 148 | [ |
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| 149 | a + b + c + d, |
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| 150 | a*b + b*c + a*d + c*d, |
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| 151 | a*b*c + a*b*d + a*c*d + b*c*d, |
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| 152 | a*b*c*d + 126 |
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| 153 | ] |
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| 154 | """ |
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| 155 | if magma == None: |
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| 156 | import sage.interfaces.magma |
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| 157 | magma = sage.interfaces.magma.magma |
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| 158 | return magma.ideal(self.gens()) |
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| 159 | |
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| 160 | def _magma_groebner_basis(self): |
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| 161 | """ |
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| 162 | Computes a Groebner Basis for self using MAGMA if available. |
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| 163 | |
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| 164 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 165 | sage: R.<a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j> = PolynomialRing(GF(127),10) |
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| 166 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Cyclic(R,6) |
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| 167 | sage: gb = I.groebner_basis("magma:GroebnerBasis") #optional MAGMA |
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| 168 | sage: len(gb) #optional MAGMA |
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| 169 | 45 |
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| 170 | """ |
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| 171 | try: |
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| 172 | return self.__magma_groebner_basis |
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| 173 | except AttributeError: |
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| 174 | pass |
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| 175 | R = self.ring() |
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| 176 | mgb = self._magma_().GroebnerBasis() |
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| 177 | mgb = [str(mgb[i+1]) for i in range(len(mgb))] |
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| 178 | if R.base_ring().degree() > 1: |
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| 179 | a = str(R.base_ring().gen()) |
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| 180 | mgb = [e.replace("$.1",a) for e in mgb] |
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| 181 | B = Sequence([R(e) for e in mgb], R, check=False, immutable=True) |
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| 182 | self.__magma_groebner_basis = B |
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| 183 | return B |
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| 184 | |
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| 185 | |
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| 186 | class MPolynomialIdeal_singular_repr: |
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| 187 | """ |
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| 188 | An ideal in a multivariate polynomial ring, which has an |
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| 189 | underlying Singular ring associated to it. |
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| 190 | """ |
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| 191 | def __cmp__(self, other): |
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| 192 | # Groebner basis determine equality since ideals are in the |
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| 193 | # same ring with same term order |
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| 194 | |
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| 195 | #c = cmp(self.gens(), other.gens()) |
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| 196 | #if c == 0: |
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| 197 | # return c |
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| 198 | l = MPolynomialIdeal(self.ring(), self.groebner_basis()).reduced_basis() |
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| 199 | r = MPolynomialIdeal(self.ring(),other.groebner_basis()).reduced_basis() |
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| 200 | return cmp(r,l) |
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| 201 | |
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| 202 | def _singular_(self, singular=None): |
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| 203 | """ |
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| 204 | Return Singular ideal corresponding to this ideal. |
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| 205 | |
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| 206 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 207 | sage: R, (x,y) = PolynomialRing(QQ, 2, 'xy').objgens() |
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| 208 | sage: I = R.ideal([x^3 + y, y]) |
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| 209 | sage: S = I._singular_() |
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| 210 | sage: S |
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| 211 | x^3+y, |
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| 212 | y |
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| 213 | """ |
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| 214 | if singular is None: singular = singular_default |
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| 215 | try: |
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| 216 | self.ring()._singular_(singular).set_ring() |
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| 217 | I = self.__singular |
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| 218 | if not (I.parent() is singular): |
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| 219 | raise ValueError |
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| 220 | I._check_valid() |
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| 221 | return I |
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| 222 | except (AttributeError, ValueError): |
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| 223 | self.ring()._singular_(singular).set_ring() |
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| 224 | gens = [str(x) for x in self.gens()] |
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| 225 | if len(gens) == 0: |
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| 226 | gens = ['0'] |
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| 227 | self.__singular = singular.ideal(gens) |
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| 228 | return self.__singular |
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| 229 | |
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| 230 | def _contains_(self, f): |
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| 231 | """ |
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| 232 | Returns True if f is in the ideal self. |
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| 233 | |
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| 234 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 235 | sage: R, (x,y) = PolynomialRing(QQ, 2, 'xy').objgens() |
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| 236 | sage: I = (x^3 + y, y)*R |
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| 237 | sage: x in I |
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| 238 | False |
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| 239 | sage: y in I |
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| 240 | True |
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| 241 | sage: x^3 + 2*y in I |
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| 242 | True |
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| 243 | |
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| 244 | NOTE: Requires computation of a Groebner basis, which is a |
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| 245 | very expensive operation. |
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| 246 | """ |
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| 247 | |
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| 248 | if self.base_ring() == sage.rings.integer_ring.ZZ: |
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| 249 | g = self._reduce_using_macaulay2(f) |
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| 250 | else: |
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| 251 | S = singular_default |
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| 252 | f = S(f) |
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| 253 | I = self._singular_(S).groebner() |
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| 254 | g = f.reduce(I, 1) # 1 avoids tail reduction (page 67 of singular book) |
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| 255 | return g.is_zero() |
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| 256 | |
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| 257 | def plot(self): |
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| 258 | """ |
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| 259 | If you somehow manage to install surf, perhaps you can use |
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| 260 | this function to implicitly plot the real zero locus of this |
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| 261 | ideal (if principal). |
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| 262 | |
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| 263 | INPUT: |
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| 264 | self -- must be a principal ideal in 2 or 3 vars over QQ. |
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| 265 | |
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| 266 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 267 | Implicit plotting in 2-d: |
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| 268 | sage: R.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(QQ,2) |
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| 269 | sage: I = R.ideal([y^3 - x^2]) |
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| 270 | sage: I.plot() # cusp (optional surf) |
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| 271 | sage: I = R.ideal([y^2 - x^2 - 1]) |
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| 272 | sage: I.plot() # hyperbola (optional surf) |
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| 273 | sage: I = R.ideal([y^2 + x^2*(1/4) - 1]) |
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| 274 | sage: I.plot() # ellipse (optional surf) |
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| 275 | sage: I = R.ideal([y^2-(x^2-1)*(x-2)]) |
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| 276 | sage: I.plot() # elliptic curve (optional surf) |
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| 277 | |
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| 278 | Implicit plotting in 3-d: |
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| 279 | sage: R.<x,y,z> = PolynomialRing(QQ,3) |
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| 280 | sage: I = R.ideal([y^2 + x^2*(1/4) - z]) |
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| 281 | sage: I.plot() # a cone (optional surf) |
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| 282 | sage: I = R.ideal([y^2 + z^2*(1/4) - x]) |
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| 283 | sage: I.plot() # same code, from a different angle (optional surf) |
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| 284 | sage: I = R.ideal([x^2*y^2+x^2*z^2+y^2*z^2-16*x*y*z]) |
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| 285 | sage: I.plot() # Steiner surface (optional surf) |
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| 286 | |
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| 287 | AUTHOR: |
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| 288 | -- David Joyner (2006-02-12) |
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| 289 | """ |
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| 290 | if self.ring().characteristic() != 0: |
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| 291 | raise TypeError, "base ring must have characteristic 0" |
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| 292 | if not self.is_principal(): |
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| 293 | raise TypeError, "self must be principal" |
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| 294 | singular.lib('surf') |
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| 295 | I = singular(self) |
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| 296 | I.plot() |
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| 297 | |
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| 298 | def complete_primary_decomposition(self, algorithm="sy"): |
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| 299 | r""" |
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| 300 | INPUT: |
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| 301 | algorithm -- string: |
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| 302 | 'sy' -- (default) use the shimoyama-yokoyama algorithm |
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| 303 | 'gtz' -- use the gianni-trager-zacharias algorithm |
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| 304 | OUTPUT: |
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| 305 | list -- a list of primary ideals and their associated |
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| 306 | primes |
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| 307 | [(primary ideal, associated prime), ...] |
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| 308 | |
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| 309 | ALGORITHM: Uses Singular. |
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| 310 | |
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| 311 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 312 | sage: R.<x,y,z> = PolynomialRing(QQ, 3, order='lex') |
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| 313 | sage: p = z^2 + 1; q = z^3 + 2 |
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| 314 | sage: I = (p*q^2, y-z^2)*R |
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| 315 | sage: pd = I.complete_primary_decomposition(); pd |
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| 316 | [(Ideal (z^6 + 4*z^3 + 4, y - z^2) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field, Ideal (z^3 + 2, y - z^2) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field), (Ideal (z^2 + 1, y + 1) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field, Ideal (z^2 + 1, y + 1) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field)] |
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| 317 | |
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| 318 | sage: I.complete_primary_decomposition(algorithm = 'gtz') |
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| 319 | [(Ideal (z^6 + 4*z^3 + 4, y - z^2) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field, Ideal (z^3 + 2, y - z^2) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field), (Ideal (z^2 + 1, y - z^2) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field, Ideal (z^2 + 1, y - z^2) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field)] |
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| 320 | """ |
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| 321 | try: |
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| 322 | return self.__complete_primary_decomposition[algorithm] |
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| 323 | except AttributeError: |
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| 324 | self.__complete_primary_decomposition = {} |
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| 325 | except KeyError: |
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| 326 | pass |
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| 327 | I = self._singular_() |
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| 328 | I.parent().lib('primdec.lib') |
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| 329 | if algorithm == 'sy': |
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| 330 | P = I.primdecSY() |
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| 331 | elif algorithm == 'gtz': |
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| 332 | P = I.primdecGTZ() |
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| 333 | |
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| 334 | R = self.ring() |
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| 335 | V = [(R.ideal(X[1]), R.ideal(X[2])) for X in P] |
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| 336 | V = Sequence(V) |
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| 337 | self.__complete_primary_decomposition[algorithm] = V |
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| 338 | return self.__complete_primary_decomposition[algorithm] |
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| 339 | |
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| 340 | def primary_decomposition(self, algorithm='sy'): |
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| 341 | """ |
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| 342 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 343 | sage: R.<x,y,z> = PolynomialRing(QQ, 3, order='lex') |
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| 344 | sage: p = z^2 + 1; q = z^3 + 2 |
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| 345 | sage: I = (p*q^2, y-z^2)*R |
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| 346 | sage: I.primary_decomposition() |
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| 347 | [Ideal (z^6 + 4*z^3 + 4, y - z^2) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field, Ideal (z^2 + 1, y + 1) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field] |
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| 348 | |
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| 349 | """ |
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| 350 | return [I for I, _ in self.complete_primary_decomposition(algorithm)] |
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| 351 | |
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| 352 | def triangular_decomposition(self, algorithm=None): |
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| 353 | """ |
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| 354 | Decompose zero-dimensional ideal self into triangular sets. |
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| 355 | |
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| 356 | This requires that the given basis is reduced w.r.t. to the lexicographical |
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| 357 | monomial ordering. If the basis of self does not have this property, the |
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| 358 | required Groebner basis is computed implicitly. |
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| 359 | |
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| 360 | INPUT: |
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| 361 | algorithm -- string or None (default: None) |
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| 362 | |
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| 363 | ALGORITHMS: |
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| 364 | singular:triangL -- decomposition of self into triangular systems (Lazard). |
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| 365 | singular:triangLfak -- decomp. of self into tri. systems plus factorization. |
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| 366 | singular:triangM -- decomposition of self into triangular systems (Moeller). |
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| 367 | |
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| 368 | OUTPUT: |
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| 369 | a list T of lists t such that the variety of self is the union of the varieties |
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| 370 | of t in L and each t is in triangular form. |
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| 371 | |
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| 372 | EXAMPLE: |
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| 373 | sage: P.<e,d,c,b,a> = PolynomialRing(QQ,5,order='lex') |
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| 374 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Cyclic(P) |
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| 375 | sage: GB = Ideal(I.groebner_basis('singular:stdfglm')) |
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| 376 | sage: GB.triangular_decomposition('singular:triangLfak') |
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| 377 | [Ideal (a - 1, b - 1, c - 1, d^2 + 3*d + 1, e + d + 3) of |
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| 378 | Multivariate Polynomial Ring in e, d, c, b, a over |
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| 379 | Rational Field, |
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| 380 | Ideal (a - 1, b - 1, c^2 + 3*c + 1, d + c + 3, e - 1) of |
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| 381 | Multivariate Polynomial Ring in e, d, c, b, a over |
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| 382 | Rational Field, |
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| 383 | Ideal (a - 1, b^4 + b^3 + b^2 + b + 1, c - b^2, d - b^3, e |
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| 384 | + b^3 + b^2 + b + 1) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in e, |
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| 385 | d, c, b, a over Rational Field, |
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| 386 | Ideal (a - 1, b^2 + 3*b + 1, c + b + 3, d - 1, e - 1) of |
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| 387 | Multivariate Polynomial Ring in e, d, c, b, a over |
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| 388 | Rational Field, |
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| 389 | Ideal (a^4 + a^3 + a^2 + a + 1, b - 1, c + a^3 + a^2 + a + |
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| 390 | 1, d - a^3, e - a^2) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in e, |
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| 391 | d, c, b, a over Rational Field, Ideal (a^4 + a^3 + a^2 + a |
|---|
| 392 | + 1, b - a, c - a, d^2 + 3*d*a + a^2, e + d + 3*a) of |
|---|
| 393 | Multivariate Polynomial Ring in e, d, c, b, a over |
|---|
| 394 | Rational Field, |
|---|
| 395 | Ideal (a^4 + a^3 + a^2 + a + 1, b - a, c^2 + 3*c*a + a^2, |
|---|
| 396 | d + c + 3*a, e - a) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in e, |
|---|
| 397 | d, c, b, a over Rational Field, |
|---|
| 398 | Ideal (a^4 + a^3 + a^2 + a + 1, b^3 + b^2*a + b^2 + b*a^2 |
|---|
| 399 | + b*a + b + a^3 + a^2 + a + 1, c + b^2*a^3 + b^2*a^2 + |
|---|
| 400 | b^2*a + b^2, d - b^2*a^2 - b^2*a - b^2 - b*a^2 - b*a - |
|---|
| 401 | a^2, e - b^2*a^3 + b*a^2 + b*a + b + a^2 + a) of |
|---|
| 402 | Multivariate Polynomial Ring in e, d, c, b, a over |
|---|
| 403 | Rational Field, |
|---|
| 404 | Ideal (a^4 + a^3 + a^2 + a + 1, b^2 + 3*b*a + a^2, c + b + |
|---|
| 405 | 3*a, d - a, e - a) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in e, |
|---|
| 406 | d, c, b, a over Rational Field, |
|---|
| 407 | Ideal (a^4 + a^3 + 6*a^2 - 4*a + 1, 11*b^2 - 6*b*a^3 - |
|---|
| 408 | 10*b*a^2 - 39*b*a - 2*b - 16*a^3 - 23*a^2 - 104*a + 24, |
|---|
| 409 | 11*c + 3*a^3 + 5*a^2 + 25*a + 1, 11*d + 3*a^3 + 5*a^2 + |
|---|
| 410 | 25*a + 1, 11*e + 11*b - 6*a^3 - 10*a^2 - 39*a - 2) of |
|---|
| 411 | Multivariate Polynomial Ring in e, d, c, b, a over |
|---|
| 412 | Rational Field, |
|---|
| 413 | Ideal (a^4 - 4*a^3 + 6*a^2 + a + 1, 11*b^2 - 6*b*a^3 + |
|---|
| 414 | 26*b*a^2 - 41*b*a + 4*b + 8*a^3 - 31*a^2 + 40*a + 24, 11*c |
|---|
| 415 | + 3*a^3 - 13*a^2 + 26*a - 2, 11*d + 3*a^3 - 13*a^2 + 26*a |
|---|
| 416 | - 2, 11*e + 11*b - 6*a^3 + 26*a^2 - 41*a + 4) of |
|---|
| 417 | Multivariate Polynomial Ring in e, d, c, b, a over |
|---|
| 418 | Rational Field, |
|---|
| 419 | Ideal (a^2 + 3*a + 1, b - 1, c - 1, d - 1, e + a + 3) of |
|---|
| 420 | Multivariate Polynomial Ring in e, d, c, b, a over |
|---|
| 421 | Rational Field, Ideal (a^2 + 3*a + 1, b + a + 3, c - 1, d |
|---|
| 422 | - 1, e - 1) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in e, d, c, b, |
|---|
| 423 | a over Rational Field] |
|---|
| 424 | """ |
|---|
| 425 | |
|---|
| 426 | P = self.ring() |
|---|
| 427 | |
|---|
| 428 | is_groebner = self.basis_is_groebner() |
|---|
| 429 | |
|---|
| 430 | # make sure to work w.r.t. 'lex' |
|---|
| 431 | if P.term_order() != 'lex': |
|---|
| 432 | Q = P.new_ring(order='lex') |
|---|
| 433 | else: |
|---|
| 434 | Q = P |
|---|
| 435 | |
|---|
| 436 | if is_groebner: |
|---|
| 437 | if Q == P: |
|---|
| 438 | I = MPolynomialIdeal(P, self.reduced_basis()) # reduce only |
|---|
| 439 | else: |
|---|
| 440 | I = MPolynomialIdeal(P, self.reduced_basis()) |
|---|
| 441 | I = MPolynomialIdeal(P, I.transformed_basis('fglm')) # -> 'lex' |
|---|
| 442 | I = I.change_ring(Q) # transform to 'lex' GB |
|---|
| 443 | else: |
|---|
| 444 | if Q == P: |
|---|
| 445 | I = MPolynomialIdeal(P, self.groebner_basis()) |
|---|
| 446 | I = MPolynomialIdeal(P, I.reduced_basis()) |
|---|
| 447 | else: |
|---|
| 448 | I = self.change_ring(Q) # transform to 'lex' GB |
|---|
| 449 | I = MPolynomialIdeal(Q, I.groebner_basis()) |
|---|
| 450 | I = MPolynomialIdeal(Q, I.reduced_basis()) |
|---|
| 451 | |
|---|
| 452 | if I.dimension() != 0: |
|---|
| 453 | raise TypeError, "dimension must be zero" |
|---|
| 454 | |
|---|
| 455 | Ibar = I._singular_() |
|---|
| 456 | Ibar.attrib('"isSB"',1) |
|---|
| 457 | |
|---|
| 458 | singular = Ibar.parent() |
|---|
| 459 | singular.lib("triang") |
|---|
| 460 | |
|---|
| 461 | if algorithm is None: |
|---|
| 462 | algorithm = "singular:triangL" |
|---|
| 463 | |
|---|
| 464 | if algorithm == "singular:triangL": |
|---|
| 465 | Tbar = Ibar.triangL() |
|---|
| 466 | elif algorithm == "singular:triangLfak": |
|---|
| 467 | Tbar = Ibar.triangLfak() |
|---|
| 468 | elif algorithm == "singular:triangM": |
|---|
| 469 | Tbar = Ibar.triangM() |
|---|
| 470 | else: |
|---|
| 471 | raise TypeError, "algorithm '%s' unknown"%algorithm |
|---|
| 472 | |
|---|
| 473 | T = Sequence([ MPolynomialIdeal(Q,[f._sage_(Q) for f in t]) for t in Tbar ]) |
|---|
| 474 | |
|---|
| 475 | return T |
|---|
| 476 | |
|---|
| 477 | def associated_primes(self, algorithm='sy'): |
|---|
| 478 | """ |
|---|
| 479 | EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 480 | sage: R.<x,y,z> = PolynomialRing(QQ, 3) |
|---|
| 481 | sage: p = z^2 + 1; q = z^3 + 2 |
|---|
| 482 | sage: I = (p*q^2, y-z^2)*R |
|---|
| 483 | sage: I.associated_primes() |
|---|
| 484 | [Ideal (z^2 - y, y*z + 2, y^2 + 2*z) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field, Ideal (y + 1, z^2 + 1) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field] |
|---|
| 485 | """ |
|---|
| 486 | return [P for _,P in self.complete_primary_decomposition(algorithm)] |
|---|
| 487 | |
|---|
| 488 | def dimension(self): |
|---|
| 489 | """ |
|---|
| 490 | The dimension of the ring modulo this ideal. |
|---|
| 491 | |
|---|
| 492 | NOTE: Requires computation of a Groebner basis, which is a |
|---|
| 493 | very expensive operation. |
|---|
| 494 | """ |
|---|
| 495 | try: |
|---|
| 496 | return self.__dimension |
|---|
| 497 | except AttributeError: |
|---|
| 498 | v = list(self.groebner_basis()) |
|---|
| 499 | if len(v) == 0: |
|---|
| 500 | v = [0] |
|---|
| 501 | self.__dimension = Integer(singular(v,"ideal").dim()) |
|---|
| 502 | return self.__dimension |
|---|
| 503 | |
|---|
| 504 | def vector_space_dimension(self): |
|---|
| 505 | """ |
|---|
| 506 | Return the vector space dimension of the ring modulo the ideal |
|---|
| 507 | generated by the initial terms of the generators of self. |
|---|
| 508 | |
|---|
| 509 | If the generators form a standard basis, this is the same as |
|---|
| 510 | the vector space dimension of the ring modulo the ideal. If |
|---|
| 511 | the ideal is not zero-dimensional, a TypeError is raised. |
|---|
| 512 | |
|---|
| 513 | ALGORITHM: Uses Singular. |
|---|
| 514 | |
|---|
| 515 | EXAMPLE: |
|---|
| 516 | sage: P.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(QQ,2,order='neglex') |
|---|
| 517 | sage: I = P * [x^2 + y^2, x^2 - y^2] |
|---|
| 518 | sage: I.vector_space_dimension() |
|---|
| 519 | Traceback (most recent call last): |
|---|
| 520 | ... |
|---|
| 521 | TypeError: ideal is not zero dimensional |
|---|
| 522 | sage: J = Ideal(I.groebner_basis()) |
|---|
| 523 | sage: J.vector_space_dimension() |
|---|
| 524 | 4 |
|---|
| 525 | """ |
|---|
| 526 | |
|---|
| 527 | vdim = Integer(self._singular_().vdim()) |
|---|
| 528 | if vdim == -1: |
|---|
| 529 | raise TypeError, "ideal is not zero dimensional" |
|---|
| 530 | else: |
|---|
| 531 | return vdim |
|---|
| 532 | |
|---|
| 533 | def _groebner_basis_using_singular(self, algorithm="groebner"): |
|---|
| 534 | """ |
|---|
| 535 | Return a Groebner basis of this ideal. If a groebner basis for |
|---|
| 536 | this ideal has been calculated before the cached Groebner |
|---|
| 537 | basis is returned regardless of the requested algorithm. |
|---|
| 538 | |
|---|
| 539 | ALGORITHM: Uses Singular. |
|---|
| 540 | |
|---|
| 541 | INPUT: |
|---|
| 542 | algorithm -- 'groebner' - use Singular's groebner heuristic to choose |
|---|
| 543 | an algorithm (default) |
|---|
| 544 | 'std' - Buchberger's algorithm |
|---|
| 545 | 'stdhilb' - computes the standard basis of the homogeneous |
|---|
| 546 | ideal in the basering, via a Hilbert driven |
|---|
| 547 | standard basis computation. |
|---|
| 548 | 'stdfglm' - computes the standard basis of the ideal in the basering via fglm |
|---|
| 549 | (from the degrevlex ordering to the ordering of the basering). |
|---|
| 550 | 'slimgb' - SlimGB algorithm |
|---|
| 551 | |
|---|
| 552 | EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 553 | |
|---|
| 554 | We compute a Groebner basis of 'cyclic 4' relative to |
|---|
| 555 | lexicographic ordering. |
|---|
| 556 | |
|---|
| 557 | sage: R.<a,b,c,d> = PolynomialRing(QQ, 4, order='lex') |
|---|
| 558 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Cyclic(R,4); I |
|---|
| 559 | Ideal (a + b + c + d, a*b + a*d + b*c + c*d, a*b*c + a*b*d + a*c*d + b*c*d, a*b*c*d - 1) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in a, b, c, d over Rational Field |
|---|
| 560 | sage: I._groebner_basis_using_singular() |
|---|
| 561 | [c^2*d^6 - c^2*d^2 - d^4 + 1, c^3*d^2 + c^2*d^3 - c - d, b*d^4 - b + d^5 - d, b*c - b*d^5 + c^2*d^4 + c*d - d^6 - d^2, b^2 + 2*b*d + d^2, a + b + c + d] |
|---|
| 562 | """ |
|---|
| 563 | try: |
|---|
| 564 | return self.__groebner_basis |
|---|
| 565 | except AttributeError: |
|---|
| 566 | if algorithm=="groebner": |
|---|
| 567 | S = self._singular_().groebner() |
|---|
| 568 | elif algorithm=="std": |
|---|
| 569 | S = self._singular_().std() |
|---|
| 570 | elif algorithm=="slimgb": |
|---|
| 571 | S = self._singular_().slimgb() |
|---|
| 572 | elif algorithm=="stdhilb": |
|---|
| 573 | S = self._singular_().stdhilb() |
|---|
| 574 | elif algorithm=="stdfglm": |
|---|
| 575 | S = self._singular_().stdfglm() |
|---|
| 576 | else: |
|---|
| 577 | raise TypeError, "algorithm '%s' unknown"%algorithm |
|---|
| 578 | R = self.ring() |
|---|
| 579 | self.__singular_groebner_basis = S #remember this |
|---|
| 580 | self.__groebner_basis = Sequence([R(S[i+1]) for i in range(len(S))], R, |
|---|
| 581 | check=False, immutable=True) |
|---|
| 582 | return self.__groebner_basis |
|---|
| 583 | |
|---|
| 584 | def _groebner_basis_using_libsingular(self, algorithm="std"): |
|---|
| 585 | """ |
|---|
| 586 | Return a Groebner basis of this ideal. If a groebner basis for |
|---|
| 587 | this ideal has been calculated before the cached Groebner |
|---|
| 588 | basis is returned regardless of the requested algorithm. |
|---|
| 589 | |
|---|
| 590 | ALGORITHM: Uses libSINGULAR. |
|---|
| 591 | |
|---|
| 592 | INPUT: |
|---|
| 593 | algorithm -- 'std' - Buchberger's algorithm |
|---|
| 594 | 'slimgb' - SlimGB algorithm |
|---|
| 595 | |
|---|
| 596 | EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 597 | |
|---|
| 598 | We compute a Groebner basis of 'cyclic 4' relative to |
|---|
| 599 | lexicographic ordering. |
|---|
| 600 | |
|---|
| 601 | sage: R.<a,b,c,d> = PolynomialRing(QQ, 4, order='lex') |
|---|
| 602 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Cyclic(R,4); I |
|---|
| 603 | Ideal (a + b + c + d, a*b + a*d + b*c + c*d, a*b*c + a*b*d + a*c*d + b*c*d, a*b*c*d - 1) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in a, b, c, d over Rational Field |
|---|
| 604 | sage: I._groebner_basis_using_libsingular() |
|---|
| 605 | [c^2*d^6 - c^2*d^2 - d^4 + 1, c^3*d^2 + c^2*d^3 - c - d, b*d^4 - b + d^5 - d, b*c - b*d^5 + c^2*d^4 + c*d - d^6 - d^2, b^2 + 2*b*d + d^2, a + b + c + d] |
|---|
| 606 | """ |
|---|
| 607 | from sage.rings.polynomial.multi_polynomial_ideal_libsingular import std_libsingular, slimgb_libsingular |
|---|
| 608 | |
|---|
| 609 | try: |
|---|
| 610 | return self.__groebner_basis |
|---|
| 611 | except AttributeError: |
|---|
| 612 | if algorithm=="std": |
|---|
| 613 | S = std_libsingular(self) |
|---|
| 614 | elif algorithm=="slimgb": |
|---|
| 615 | S = slimgb_libsingular(self) |
|---|
| 616 | else: |
|---|
| 617 | raise TypeError, "algorithm '%s' unknown"%algorithm |
|---|
| 618 | self.__groebner_basis = S |
|---|
| 619 | return self.__groebner_basis |
|---|
| 620 | |
|---|
| 621 | def _singular_groebner_basis(self): |
|---|
| 622 | try: |
|---|
| 623 | S = self.__singular_groebner_basis |
|---|
| 624 | except AttributeError: |
|---|
| 625 | G = self.groebner_basis() |
|---|
| 626 | try: |
|---|
| 627 | return self.__singular_groebner_basis |
|---|
| 628 | except AttributeError: |
|---|
| 629 | pass |
|---|
| 630 | |
|---|
| 631 | try: |
|---|
| 632 | S._check_valid() |
|---|
| 633 | return S |
|---|
| 634 | except ValueError: |
|---|
| 635 | G = self.groebner_basis() |
|---|
| 636 | S = singular(G) |
|---|
| 637 | self.__singular_groebner_basis = S |
|---|
| 638 | return S |
|---|
| 639 | |
|---|
| 640 | |
|---|
| 641 | |
|---|
| 642 | def genus(self): |
|---|
| 643 | """ |
|---|
| 644 | Return the genus of the projective curve defined by this |
|---|
| 645 | ideal, which must be 1 dimensional. |
|---|
| 646 | """ |
|---|
| 647 | try: |
|---|
| 648 | return self.__genus |
|---|
| 649 | except AttributeError: |
|---|
| 650 | I = self._singular_() |
|---|
| 651 | I.parent().lib('normal.lib') |
|---|
| 652 | self.__genus = Integer(I.genus()) |
|---|
| 653 | return self.__genus |
|---|
| 654 | |
|---|
| 655 | def intersection(self, other): |
|---|
| 656 | """ |
|---|
| 657 | Return the intersection of the two ideals. |
|---|
| 658 | |
|---|
| 659 | EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 660 | sage: R.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(QQ, 2, order='lex') |
|---|
| 661 | sage: I = x*R |
|---|
| 662 | sage: J = y*R |
|---|
| 663 | sage: I.intersection(J) |
|---|
| 664 | Ideal (x*y) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y over Rational Field |
|---|
| 665 | |
|---|
| 666 | The following simple example illustrates that the product need not equal the intersection. |
|---|
| 667 | sage: I = (x^2, y)*R |
|---|
| 668 | sage: J = (y^2, x)*R |
|---|
| 669 | sage: K = I.intersection(J); K |
|---|
| 670 | Ideal (y^2, x*y, x^2) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y over Rational Field |
|---|
| 671 | sage: IJ = I*J; IJ |
|---|
| 672 | Ideal (x^2*y^2, x^3, y^3, x*y) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y over Rational Field |
|---|
| 673 | sage: IJ == K |
|---|
| 674 | False |
|---|
| 675 | """ |
|---|
| 676 | R = self.ring() |
|---|
| 677 | if not isinstance(other, MPolynomialIdeal_singular_repr) or other.ring() != R: |
|---|
| 678 | raise ValueError, "other must be an ideal in the ring of self, but it isn't." |
|---|
| 679 | I = self._singular_() |
|---|
| 680 | sing = I.parent() |
|---|
| 681 | J = sing(other) |
|---|
| 682 | K = I.intersect(J) |
|---|
| 683 | return R.ideal(K) |
|---|
| 684 | |
|---|
| 685 | |
|---|
| 686 | def minimal_associated_primes(self): |
|---|
| 687 | r""" |
|---|
| 688 | OUTPUT: |
|---|
| 689 | list -- a list of prime ideals |
|---|
| 690 | |
|---|
| 691 | EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 692 | sage: R.<x,y,z> = PolynomialRing(QQ, 3, 'xyz') |
|---|
| 693 | sage: p = z^2 + 1; q = z^3 + 2 |
|---|
| 694 | sage: I = (p*q^2, y-z^2)*R |
|---|
| 695 | sage: I.minimal_associated_primes () |
|---|
| 696 | [Ideal (z^2 + 1, -z^2 + y) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field, Ideal (z^3 + 2, -z^2 + y) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field] |
|---|
| 697 | |
|---|
| 698 | ALGORITHM: Uses Singular. |
|---|
| 699 | """ |
|---|
| 700 | I = self._singular_() |
|---|
| 701 | I.parent().lib('primdec.lib') |
|---|
| 702 | M = I.minAssGTZ() |
|---|
| 703 | R = self.ring() |
|---|
| 704 | return [R.ideal(J) for J in M] |
|---|
| 705 | |
|---|
| 706 | def radical(self): |
|---|
| 707 | r""" |
|---|
| 708 | The radical of this ideal. |
|---|
| 709 | |
|---|
| 710 | EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 711 | This is an obviously not radical ideal: |
|---|
| 712 | sage: R.<x,y,z> = PolynomialRing(QQ, 3) |
|---|
| 713 | sage: I = (x^2, y^3, (x*z)^4 + y^3 + 10*x^2)*R |
|---|
| 714 | sage: I.radical() |
|---|
| 715 | Ideal (y, x) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field |
|---|
| 716 | |
|---|
| 717 | That the radical is correct is clear from the Groebner basis. |
|---|
| 718 | sage: I.groebner_basis() |
|---|
| 719 | [x^2, y^3] |
|---|
| 720 | |
|---|
| 721 | This is the example from the singular manual: |
|---|
| 722 | sage: p = z^2 + 1; q = z^3 + 2 |
|---|
| 723 | sage: I = (p*q^2, y-z^2)*R |
|---|
| 724 | sage: I.radical() |
|---|
| 725 | Ideal (z^2 - y, y^2*z + y*z + 2*y + 2) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field |
|---|
| 726 | |
|---|
| 727 | \note{(From Singular manual) A combination of the algorithms |
|---|
| 728 | of Krick/Logar and Kemper is used. Works also in positive |
|---|
| 729 | characteristic (Kempers algorithm).} |
|---|
| 730 | |
|---|
| 731 | sage: R.<x,y,z> = PolynomialRing(GF(37), 3) |
|---|
| 732 | sage: p = z^2 + 1; q = z^3 + 2 |
|---|
| 733 | sage: I = (p*q^2, y - z^2)*R |
|---|
| 734 | sage: I.radical() |
|---|
| 735 | Ideal (z^2 - y, y^2*z + y*z + 2*y + 2) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Finite Field of size 37 |
|---|
| 736 | """ |
|---|
| 737 | S = self.ring() |
|---|
| 738 | I = self._singular_() |
|---|
| 739 | I.parent().lib('primdec.lib') |
|---|
| 740 | r = I.radical() |
|---|
| 741 | return S.ideal(r) |
|---|
| 742 | |
|---|
| 743 | def integral_closure(self, p=0, r=True): |
|---|
| 744 | r""" |
|---|
| 745 | Let I == self. |
|---|
| 746 | |
|---|
| 747 | Returns the integral closure of $I, \ldots, I^p$, where $sI$ |
|---|
| 748 | is an ideal in the polynomial ring $R=k[x(1),...x(n)]$. If $p$ is |
|---|
| 749 | not given, or $p=0$, compute the closure of all powers up to |
|---|
| 750 | the maximum degree in t occurring in the closure of $R[It]$ (so |
|---|
| 751 | this is the last power whose closure is not just the |
|---|
| 752 | sum/product of the smaller). If $r$ is given and \code{r is True}, |
|---|
| 753 | \code{I.integral_closure()} starts with a check whether I is already a |
|---|
| 754 | radical ideal. |
|---|
| 755 | |
|---|
| 756 | INPUT: |
|---|
| 757 | p -- powers of I (default: 0) |
|---|
| 758 | r -- check whether self is a radical ideal first (default: True) |
|---|
| 759 | |
|---|
| 760 | EXAMPLE: |
|---|
| 761 | sage: R.<x,y> = QQ[] |
|---|
| 762 | sage: I = ideal([x^2,x*y^4,y^5]) |
|---|
| 763 | sage: I.integral_closure() |
|---|
| 764 | [x^2, y^5, -x*y^3] |
|---|
| 765 | |
|---|
| 766 | ALGORITHM: Use Singular |
|---|
| 767 | |
|---|
| 768 | """ |
|---|
| 769 | Is = self._singular_() |
|---|
| 770 | R = self.ring() |
|---|
| 771 | singular =Is .parent() |
|---|
| 772 | singular.load('reesclos.lib') |
|---|
| 773 | ret = Sequence([ R(f) for f in Is.normalI(p,int(r))[1] ], R, |
|---|
| 774 | check=False, immutable=True) |
|---|
| 775 | return ret |
|---|
| 776 | |
|---|
| 777 | def reduce(self, f): |
|---|
| 778 | """ |
|---|
| 779 | Reduce an element modulo a standard basis for this ideal. |
|---|
| 780 | This returns 0 if and only if the element is in this ideal. |
|---|
| 781 | |
|---|
| 782 | EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 783 | sage: R.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(QQ, 2) |
|---|
| 784 | sage: I = (x^3 + y, y)*R |
|---|
| 785 | sage: I.reduce(y) |
|---|
| 786 | 0 |
|---|
| 787 | sage: I.reduce(x^3) |
|---|
| 788 | 0 |
|---|
| 789 | sage: I.reduce(x - y) |
|---|
| 790 | x |
|---|
| 791 | |
|---|
| 792 | sage: I = (y^2 - (x^3 + x))*R |
|---|
| 793 | sage: I.reduce(x^3) |
|---|
| 794 | y^2 - x |
|---|
| 795 | sage: I.reduce(x^6) |
|---|
| 796 | y^4 - 2*x*y^2 + x^2 |
|---|
| 797 | sage: (y^2 - x)^2 |
|---|
| 798 | y^4 - 2*x*y^2 + x^2 |
|---|
| 799 | |
|---|
| 800 | NOTE: Requires computation of a Groebner basis, which is a |
|---|
| 801 | very expensive operation. |
|---|
| 802 | """ |
|---|
| 803 | if self.base_ring() == sage.rings.integer_ring.ZZ: |
|---|
| 804 | return self._reduce_using_macaulay2(f) |
|---|
| 805 | |
|---|
| 806 | try: |
|---|
| 807 | singular = self._singular_groebner_basis().parent() |
|---|
| 808 | except (AttributeError, RuntimeError): |
|---|
| 809 | singular = self._singular_groebner_basis().parent() |
|---|
| 810 | |
|---|
| 811 | f = self.ring()(f) |
|---|
| 812 | g = singular(f) |
|---|
| 813 | try: |
|---|
| 814 | self.ring()._singular_(singular).set_ring() |
|---|
| 815 | h = g.reduce(self._singular_groebner_basis()) |
|---|
| 816 | except TypeError: |
|---|
| 817 | # This is OK, since f is in the right ring -- type error |
|---|
| 818 | # just means it's a rational |
|---|
| 819 | return f |
|---|
| 820 | try: |
|---|
| 821 | return self.ring()(h) |
|---|
| 822 | except (TypeError, RuntimeError): |
|---|
| 823 | return self.ring()(h[1]) |
|---|
| 824 | # Why the above? |
|---|
| 825 | # For mysterious reasons, sometimes Singular returns a length |
|---|
| 826 | # one vector with the reduced polynomial in it. |
|---|
| 827 | # This occurs in the following example: |
|---|
| 828 | #sage: R.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(QQ, 2) |
|---|
| 829 | #sage: S.<a,b> = R.quotient(x^2 + y^2) |
|---|
| 830 | #sage: phi = S.hom([b,a]) |
|---|
| 831 | #sage: loads(dumps(phi)) |
|---|
| 832 | |
|---|
| 833 | |
|---|
| 834 | def syzygy_module(self): |
|---|
| 835 | r""" |
|---|
| 836 | Computes the first syzygy (i.e., the module of relations of |
|---|
| 837 | the given generators) of the ideal. |
|---|
| 838 | |
|---|
| 839 | ALGORITHM: Uses Singular's syz command |
|---|
| 840 | |
|---|
| 841 | \note{The syz module is transposed before being returned} |
|---|
| 842 | """ |
|---|
| 843 | return self._singular_().syz().transpose().sage_matrix(self.ring()) |
|---|
| 844 | |
|---|
| 845 | def reduced_basis(self): |
|---|
| 846 | r""" |
|---|
| 847 | returns $(g_1, \dots, g_s)$ such that: |
|---|
| 848 | |
|---|
| 849 | * $(f_1,\dots,f_n) = (g_1,\dots,g_s)$ |
|---|
| 850 | * $LT(g_i)\neq LT(g_j)$ for all $i\neq j$ |
|---|
| 851 | * $LT(g_i)$ does not divide m for all monomials m of |
|---|
| 852 | $\{g_1,\dots,g_{i-1},g_{i+1},\dots,g_s\}$ |
|---|
| 853 | * $LC(g_i) == 1$ for all $i$. |
|---|
| 854 | |
|---|
| 855 | ALGORITHM: Uses Singular's interred command |
|---|
| 856 | |
|---|
| 857 | \note{G. Pfister recommended setting option(redSB) before |
|---|
| 858 | using interred for this purpose. Though the manual doesn't |
|---|
| 859 | mention it.} |
|---|
| 860 | """ |
|---|
| 861 | from sage.rings.polynomial.multi_polynomial_ideal_libsingular import interred_libsingular |
|---|
| 862 | from sage.rings.polynomial.multi_polynomial_libsingular import MPolynomialRing_libsingular |
|---|
| 863 | |
|---|
| 864 | R = self.ring() |
|---|
| 865 | |
|---|
| 866 | if isinstance(R,MPolynomialRing_libsingular): |
|---|
| 867 | return interred_libsingular(self) |
|---|
| 868 | else: |
|---|
| 869 | s = self._singular_().parent() |
|---|
| 870 | o = s.option("get") |
|---|
| 871 | s.option("redSB") |
|---|
| 872 | s.option("redTail") |
|---|
| 873 | ret = [] |
|---|
| 874 | for f in self._singular_().interred(): |
|---|
| 875 | f = R(f) |
|---|
| 876 | ret.append(f/f.lc()) # lead coeffs are not reduced by interred |
|---|
| 877 | ret = Sequence( ret, R, check=False, immutable=True) |
|---|
| 878 | s.option("set",o) |
|---|
| 879 | |
|---|
| 880 | return ret |
|---|
| 881 | |
|---|
| 882 | def basis_is_groebner(self): |
|---|
| 883 | """ |
|---|
| 884 | Returns true if self.gens() form a Groebner Basis. This is done by |
|---|
| 885 | trying to lift Syz(LM(self)) to Syz(self) as self is a Groebner |
|---|
| 886 | Basis if and only if for every element S in Syz(LM(self)): |
|---|
| 887 | $$S \cdot G = \sum_{i=0}^{m} h_ig_i \rightarrow_G 0.$$. |
|---|
| 888 | |
|---|
| 889 | ALGORITHM: Uses Singular |
|---|
| 890 | |
|---|
| 891 | EXAMPLE: |
|---|
| 892 | sage: R.<a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j> = PolynomialRing(GF(127),10) |
|---|
| 893 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Cyclic(R,4) |
|---|
| 894 | sage: I.basis_is_groebner() |
|---|
| 895 | False |
|---|
| 896 | sage: I2 = Ideal(I.groebner_basis()) |
|---|
| 897 | sage: I2.basis_is_groebner() |
|---|
| 898 | True |
|---|
| 899 | |
|---|
| 900 | \note{From the Singular Manualf for the reduce function we use in |
|---|
| 901 | this method: 'The result may have no meaning if the second |
|---|
| 902 | argument (self, malb) is not a standard basis'. I (malb) believe |
|---|
| 903 | this refers to the mathematical fact that the results may have no |
|---|
| 904 | meaning if self is no standard basis, i.e., Singular doesn't 'add' |
|---|
| 905 | any additional 'nonsense' to the result. So we may acutally use |
|---|
| 906 | reduce to determine if self is a Groebner Basis.} |
|---|
| 907 | """ |
|---|
| 908 | from sage.matrix.constructor import matrix |
|---|
| 909 | singular = self._singular_().parent() |
|---|
| 910 | R = self.ring() |
|---|
| 911 | |
|---|
| 912 | F = singular( self.gens(), "module" ) |
|---|
| 913 | LTF = singular( [f.lt() for f in self.gens()] , "module" ) |
|---|
| 914 | |
|---|
| 915 | M = (F * LTF.syz()).reduce(self._singular_()) |
|---|
| 916 | |
|---|
| 917 | for i in range(M.nrows()): |
|---|
| 918 | if int(singular.eval("%s[1][%s+1]!=0"%(M.name(),i))): |
|---|
| 919 | return False |
|---|
| 920 | |
|---|
| 921 | self._singular_().attrib('isSB',1) |
|---|
| 922 | return True |
|---|
| 923 | |
|---|
| 924 | def transformed_basis(self,algorithm="gwalk", other_ring=None): |
|---|
| 925 | """ |
|---|
| 926 | Returns a lex or other_ring Groebner Basis for a given ideal |
|---|
| 927 | self which must be represented through a Groebner Basis. |
|---|
| 928 | |
|---|
| 929 | INPUT: |
|---|
| 930 | algorithm -- Options are: |
|---|
| 931 | * fglm - FGLM algorithm. The input ideal must be |
|---|
| 932 | a reduced Groebner Basis of a zero-dimensional ideal |
|---|
| 933 | * gwalk (default) - Groebner Walk algorithm |
|---|
| 934 | * awalk1 - 'first alternative' algorithm |
|---|
| 935 | * awalk2 - 'second alternative' algorithm |
|---|
| 936 | * twalk - Tran algorithm |
|---|
| 937 | * fwalk - Fractal Walk algorithm |
|---|
| 938 | other_ring -- only valid for algorithm 'fglm', if provided conversion will |
|---|
| 939 | be performed to this ring. Otherwise a lex Groebner basis will |
|---|
| 940 | be returned. |
|---|
| 941 | EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 942 | sage: # example from the Singular manual page of fglm |
|---|
| 943 | sage: R.<x,y,z> = PolynomialRing(QQ,3) |
|---|
| 944 | sage: I = Ideal([y^3+x^2,x^2*y+x^2, x^3-x^2, z^4-x^2-y]) |
|---|
| 945 | sage: singular.option('redSB') |
|---|
| 946 | sage: I = Ideal(I.groebner_basis()) |
|---|
| 947 | sage: singular.option('noredSB') #reset |
|---|
| 948 | sage: S.<z,x,y> = PolynomialRing(QQ,3,order='lex') |
|---|
| 949 | sage: J = Ideal(I.transformed_basis('fglm',S)) |
|---|
| 950 | sage: J |
|---|
| 951 | Ideal (y^4 + y^3, x*y^3 - y^3, x^2 + y^3, z^4 + y^3 - y) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in z, x, y over Rational Field |
|---|
| 952 | sage: # example from the Singular manual page of gwalk |
|---|
| 953 | sage: R.<z,y,x>=PolynomialRing(GF(32003),3,order='lex') |
|---|
| 954 | sage: I=Ideal([y^3+x*y*z+y^2*z+x*z^3,3+x*y+x^2*y+y^2*z]) |
|---|
| 955 | sage: I.transformed_basis('gwalk') |
|---|
| 956 | [y^9 - y^7*x^2 - y^7*x - y^6*x^3 - y^6*x^2 - 3*y^6 - 3*y^5*x - y^3*x^7 - 3*y^3*x^6 - 3*y^3*x^5 - y^3*x^4 - 9*y^2*x^5 - 18*y^2*x^4 - 9*y^2*x^3 - 27*y*x^3 - 27*y*x^2 - 27*x, |
|---|
| 957 | z*x + 8297*y^8*x^2 + 8297*y^8*x + 3556*y^7 - 8297*y^6*x^4 + 15409*y^6*x^3 - 8297*y^6*x^2 - 8297*y^5*x^5 + 15409*y^5*x^4 - 8297*y^5*x^3 + 3556*y^5*x^2 + 3556*y^5*x + 3556*y^4*x^3 + 3556*y^4*x^2 - 10668*y^4 - 10668*y^3*x - 8297*y^2*x^9 - 1185*y^2*x^8 + 14224*y^2*x^7 - 1185*y^2*x^6 - 8297*y^2*x^5 - 14223*y*x^7 - 10666*y*x^6 - 10666*y*x^5 - 14223*y*x^4 + x^5 + 2*x^4 + x^3, |
|---|
| 958 | z*y^2 + y*x^2 + y*x + 3] |
|---|
| 959 | |
|---|
| 960 | |
|---|
| 961 | ALGORITHM: Uses Singular |
|---|
| 962 | """ |
|---|
| 963 | from sage.rings.polynomial.multi_polynomial_ring import TermOrder,MPolynomialRing |
|---|
| 964 | from sage.rings.quotient_ring import is_QuotientRing |
|---|
| 965 | |
|---|
| 966 | Is = self._singular_() |
|---|
| 967 | R = self.ring() |
|---|
| 968 | |
|---|
| 969 | if algorithm in ("gwalk","awalk1","awalk2","twalk","fwalk"): |
|---|
| 970 | singular.LIB("grwalk") |
|---|
| 971 | gb = singular("%s(%s)"%(algorithm,Is.name())) |
|---|
| 972 | return [R(f) for f in gb] |
|---|
| 973 | elif algorithm == "fglm": |
|---|
| 974 | Rs = self.ring()._singular_() |
|---|
| 975 | |
|---|
| 976 | # new ring |
|---|
| 977 | if other_ring==None: |
|---|
| 978 | nR = MPolynomialRing(R.base_ring(),R.ngens(), names=R.variable_names(), order="lex") |
|---|
| 979 | else: |
|---|
| 980 | nR = other_ring |
|---|
| 981 | nR._singular_().set_ring() |
|---|
| 982 | |
|---|
| 983 | nIs = singular.fglm(Rs,Is) |
|---|
| 984 | |
|---|
| 985 | return [nR(f) for f in nIs] |
|---|
| 986 | |
|---|
| 987 | else: |
|---|
| 988 | raise TypeError, "Cannot convert basis with given algorithm" |
|---|
| 989 | |
|---|
| 990 | def elimination_ideal(self, variables): |
|---|
| 991 | """ |
|---|
| 992 | Returns the elimination ideal of self with respect to the |
|---|
| 993 | variables given in 'variables'. |
|---|
| 994 | |
|---|
| 995 | INPUT: |
|---|
| 996 | variables -- a list or tuple of variables in self.ring() |
|---|
| 997 | |
|---|
| 998 | EXAMPLE: |
|---|
| 999 | sage: R.<x,y,t,s,z> = PolynomialRing(QQ,5) |
|---|
| 1000 | sage: I = R * [x-t,y-t^2,z-t^3,s-x+y^3] |
|---|
| 1001 | sage: I.elimination_ideal([t,s]) |
|---|
| 1002 | Ideal (y^2 - x*z, x*y - z, x^2 - y) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, t, s, z over Rational Field |
|---|
| 1003 | |
|---|
| 1004 | ALGORITHM: Uses SINGULAR |
|---|
| 1005 | |
|---|
| 1006 | NOTE: Requires computation of a Groebner basis, which is a |
|---|
| 1007 | very expensive operation. |
|---|
| 1008 | """ |
|---|
| 1009 | if not isinstance(variables, (list,tuple)): |
|---|
| 1010 | variables = (variables,) |
|---|
| 1011 | |
|---|
| 1012 | try: |
|---|
| 1013 | Is = self.__singular_groebner_basis |
|---|
| 1014 | except AttributeError: |
|---|
| 1015 | Is = self._singular_() |
|---|
| 1016 | |
|---|
| 1017 | R = self.ring() |
|---|
| 1018 | return MPolynomialIdeal(R, [f.sage_poly(R) for f in Is.eliminate( prod(variables) ) ] ) |
|---|
| 1019 | |
|---|
| 1020 | def quotient(self, J): |
|---|
| 1021 | r""" |
|---|
| 1022 | Given ideals I (==self) and J of the same polynomial ring P, |
|---|
| 1023 | return the ideal quotient of I by J consisting of the |
|---|
| 1024 | polynomials a of P such that $\{aJ \subset I\}$. |
|---|
| 1025 | |
|---|
| 1026 | This is also referred to as the colon ideal (I:J). |
|---|
| 1027 | |
|---|
| 1028 | INPUT: |
|---|
| 1029 | J -- multivariate polynomial ideal |
|---|
| 1030 | |
|---|
| 1031 | EXAMPLE: |
|---|
| 1032 | sage: R.<x,y,z> = PolynomialRing(GF(181),3) |
|---|
| 1033 | sage: I = Ideal([x^2+x*y*z,y^2-z^3*y,z^3+y^5*x*z]) |
|---|
| 1034 | sage: J = Ideal([x]) |
|---|
| 1035 | sage: Q = I.quotient(J) |
|---|
| 1036 | sage: y*z + x in I |
|---|
| 1037 | False |
|---|
| 1038 | sage: x in J |
|---|
| 1039 | True |
|---|
| 1040 | sage: x * (y*z + x) in I |
|---|
| 1041 | True |
|---|
| 1042 | """ |
|---|
| 1043 | R = self.ring() |
|---|
| 1044 | |
|---|
| 1045 | if not isinstance(J, MPolynomialIdeal): |
|---|
| 1046 | raise TypeError, "J needs to be a multivariate polynomial ideal" |
|---|
| 1047 | |
|---|
| 1048 | if not R is J.ring() and not R == J.ring(): |
|---|
| 1049 | raise TypeError, "base rings do not match" |
|---|
| 1050 | |
|---|
| 1051 | return R.ideal([f.sage_poly(R) for f in self._singular_().quotient(J._singular_())]) |
|---|
| 1052 | |
|---|
| 1053 | def variety(self): |
|---|
| 1054 | """ |
|---|
| 1055 | Return the variety of self. |
|---|
| 1056 | |
|---|
| 1057 | Given a zero-dimensional ideal I (== self) of a polynomial ring P |
|---|
| 1058 | whose order is lexicographic, return the variety of I over its |
|---|
| 1059 | coefficient field K as a list of dictionaries with (variable, value) |
|---|
| 1060 | pairs. |
|---|
| 1061 | |
|---|
| 1062 | These dictionaries have cardinality equal to the number of |
|---|
| 1063 | variables in P and represent assignments of values to these |
|---|
| 1064 | variables such that all polynomials in I vanish. |
|---|
| 1065 | |
|---|
| 1066 | EXAMPLE: |
|---|
| 1067 | sage: K.<w> = GF(27) # this example is from the MAGMA handbook |
|---|
| 1068 | sage: P.<x, y> = PolynomialRing(K, 2, order='lex') |
|---|
| 1069 | sage: I = Ideal([ x^8 + y + 2, y^6 + x*y^5 + x^2 ]) |
|---|
| 1070 | sage: I = Ideal(I.groebner_basis()); I |
|---|
| 1071 | Ideal (y^48 + y^41 - y^40 + y^37 - y^36 - y^33 + y^32 - y^29 + y^28 - |
|---|
| 1072 | y^25 + y^24 + y^2 + y + 1, x - y^47 - y^45 + y^44 - y^43 + y^41 - y^39 - |
|---|
| 1073 | y^38 - y^37 - y^36 + y^35 - y^34 - y^33 + y^32 - y^31 + y^30 + y^28 + |
|---|
| 1074 | y^27 + y^26 + y^25 - y^23 + y^22 + y^21 - y^19 - y^18 - y^16 + y^15 + |
|---|
| 1075 | y^13 + y^12 - y^10 + y^9 + y^8 + y^7 - y^6 + y^4 + y^3 + y^2 + y - 1) of |
|---|
| 1076 | Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y over Finite Field in w of size 3^3 |
|---|
| 1077 | |
|---|
| 1078 | sage: V = I.variety(); V |
|---|
| 1079 | [{y: w^2 + 2, x: 2*w}, {y: w^2 + 2*w, x: 2*w + 2}, {y: w^2 + w, x: 2*w + 1}] |
|---|
| 1080 | |
|---|
| 1081 | sage: [f.subs(v) for f in I.gens() for v in V] # check that all polynomials vanish |
|---|
| 1082 | [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0] |
|---|
| 1083 | |
|---|
| 1084 | However, we only account for solutions in the ground field and |
|---|
| 1085 | not in the algebraic closure. |
|---|
| 1086 | |
|---|
| 1087 | sage: I.vector_space_dimension() |
|---|
| 1088 | 48 |
|---|
| 1089 | |
|---|
| 1090 | ALGORITHM: Uses triangular decomposition. |
|---|
| 1091 | """ |
|---|
| 1092 | def _variety(T, V, v=None): |
|---|
| 1093 | if v is None: v = {} |
|---|
| 1094 | found = False |
|---|
| 1095 | for f in T: |
|---|
| 1096 | if f.is_univariate() and not f.is_constant(): |
|---|
| 1097 | T.remove(f); found = True; break |
|---|
| 1098 | |
|---|
| 1099 | if found is False: |
|---|
| 1100 | V.append(v) |
|---|
| 1101 | return V |
|---|
| 1102 | |
|---|
| 1103 | variable = f.variable(0) |
|---|
| 1104 | roots = f.univariate_polynomial().roots() |
|---|
| 1105 | |
|---|
| 1106 | for root,multiplicity in roots: |
|---|
| 1107 | vbar = v.copy() |
|---|
| 1108 | vbar[variable] = root |
|---|
| 1109 | Tbar = [ f.subs({variable:root}) for f in T ] |
|---|
| 1110 | _variety(Tbar,V,vbar) |
|---|
| 1111 | |
|---|
| 1112 | return V |
|---|
| 1113 | |
|---|
| 1114 | P = self.ring() |
|---|
| 1115 | T = self.triangular_decomposition('singular:triangLfak') |
|---|
| 1116 | |
|---|
| 1117 | V = [] |
|---|
| 1118 | for t in T: |
|---|
| 1119 | Vbar = _variety(list(t.gens()),[]) |
|---|
| 1120 | |
|---|
| 1121 | for v in Vbar: |
|---|
| 1122 | V.append(dict([(P(var),val) for var,val in v.iteritems()])) |
|---|
| 1123 | return Sequence(V) |
|---|
| 1124 | |
|---|
| 1125 | class MPolynomialIdeal_macaulay2_repr: |
|---|
| 1126 | """ |
|---|
| 1127 | An ideal in a multivariate polynomial ring, which has an underlying |
|---|
| 1128 | Macaulay2 ring associated to it. |
|---|
| 1129 | |
|---|
| 1130 | EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 1131 | sage: R.<x,y,z,w> = PolynomialRing(ZZ, 4) # optional |
|---|
| 1132 | sage: I = ideal(x*y-z^2, y^2-w^2) # optional |
|---|
| 1133 | sage: I # optional |
|---|
| 1134 | Ideal (x*y - z^2, y^2 - w^2) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z, w over Integer Ring |
|---|
| 1135 | """ |
|---|
| 1136 | #def __init__(self, ring, gens, coerce=True): |
|---|
| 1137 | # MPolynomialIdeal.__init__(self, ring, gens, coerce=coerce) |
|---|
| 1138 | |
|---|
| 1139 | def _macaulay2_(self, macaulay2=None): |
|---|
| 1140 | """ |
|---|
| 1141 | Return Macaulay2 ideal corresponding to this ideal. |
|---|
| 1142 | """ |
|---|
| 1143 | if macaulay2 is None: macaulay2 = macaulay2_default |
|---|
| 1144 | try: |
|---|
| 1145 | I = self.__macaulay2[macaulay2] |
|---|
| 1146 | I._check_valid() |
|---|
| 1147 | return I |
|---|
| 1148 | except KeyError: |
|---|
| 1149 | pass |
|---|
| 1150 | except AttributeError: |
|---|
| 1151 | self.__macaulay2 = {} |
|---|
| 1152 | except ValueError: |
|---|
| 1153 | pass |
|---|
| 1154 | |
|---|
| 1155 | R = self.ring() |
|---|
| 1156 | R._macaulay2_set_ring(macaulay2) |
|---|
| 1157 | |
|---|
| 1158 | gens = [repr(x) for x in self.gens()] |
|---|
| 1159 | if len(gens) == 0: |
|---|
| 1160 | gens = ['0'] |
|---|
| 1161 | z = macaulay2.ideal(gens) |
|---|
| 1162 | self.__macaulay2[macaulay2] = z |
|---|
| 1163 | return z |
|---|
| 1164 | |
|---|
| 1165 | def _macaulay2_groebner_basis(self): |
|---|
| 1166 | r""" |
|---|
| 1167 | Return the Groebner basis for this ideal, computed using Macaulay2. |
|---|
| 1168 | |
|---|
| 1169 | ALGORITHM: Computed using Macaulay2. A big advantage of |
|---|
| 1170 | Macaulay2 is that it can compute Groebner basis of ideals in |
|---|
| 1171 | polynomial rings over the integers. |
|---|
| 1172 | |
|---|
| 1173 | EXAMPLE: |
|---|
| 1174 | sage: R.<x,y,z,w> = PolynomialRing(ZZ, 4) |
|---|
| 1175 | sage: I = ideal(x*y-z^2, y^2-w^2) |
|---|
| 1176 | sage: I.groebner_basis() # optional -- requires macaulay2 |
|---|
| 1177 | [y^2 - w^2, x*y - z^2, y*z^2 - x*w^2, z^4 - x^2*w^2] |
|---|
| 1178 | |
|---|
| 1179 | Groebner basis can be used to compute in $\Z/n\Z[x,\ldots]$. |
|---|
| 1180 | |
|---|
| 1181 | sage: R.<x,y,z> = ZZ[] |
|---|
| 1182 | sage: I = ideal([y^2*z - x^3 - 19*x*z, y^2, 19^2]) |
|---|
| 1183 | sage: I.groebner_basis() # optional -- requires macaulay2 |
|---|
| 1184 | [361, y^2, x^3 + 19*x*z] |
|---|
| 1185 | sage: I = ideal([y^2*z - x^3 - 19^2*x*z, y^2, 19^2]) |
|---|
| 1186 | sage: I.groebner_basis() # optional -- requires macaulay2 |
|---|
| 1187 | [361, y^2, x^3] |
|---|
| 1188 | """ |
|---|
| 1189 | try: |
|---|
| 1190 | return self.__groebner_basis |
|---|
| 1191 | except AttributeError: |
|---|
| 1192 | I = self._macaulay2_() |
|---|
| 1193 | G = str(I.gb().generators().str()).replace('\n','') |
|---|
| 1194 | i = G.rfind('{{') |
|---|
| 1195 | j = G.rfind('}}') |
|---|
| 1196 | G = G[i+2:j].split(',') |
|---|
| 1197 | L = self.ring().gens_dict() |
|---|
| 1198 | B = [sage_eval(f, L) for f in G] |
|---|
| 1199 | B = Sequence(B, self.ring(), check=False) |
|---|
| 1200 | B.sort() |
|---|
| 1201 | B.set_immutable() |
|---|
| 1202 | self.__groebner_basis = B |
|---|
| 1203 | return B |
|---|
| 1204 | |
|---|
| 1205 | def _reduce_using_macaulay2(self, f): |
|---|
| 1206 | """ |
|---|
| 1207 | EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 1208 | sage: R.<x,y,z,w> = PolynomialRing(ZZ, 4) |
|---|
| 1209 | sage: I = ideal(x*y-z^2, y^2-w^2) |
|---|
| 1210 | sage: I._reduce_using_macaulay2(x*y-z^2 + y^2) # optional |
|---|
| 1211 | w^2 |
|---|
| 1212 | """ |
|---|
| 1213 | I = self._macaulay2_() |
|---|
| 1214 | M2 = I.parent() |
|---|
| 1215 | k = M2('(%r) %% %s'%(f, I.name())) |
|---|
| 1216 | R = self.ring() |
|---|
| 1217 | return R(k) |
|---|
| 1218 | |
|---|
| 1219 | |
|---|
| 1220 | class MPolynomialIdeal( MPolynomialIdeal_singular_repr, \ |
|---|
| 1221 | MPolynomialIdeal_macaulay2_repr, \ |
|---|
| 1222 | MPolynomialIdeal_magma_repr, \ |
|---|
| 1223 | Ideal_generic ): |
|---|
| 1224 | """ |
|---|
| 1225 | An ideal of a multivariate polynomial ring. |
|---|
| 1226 | """ |
|---|
| 1227 | def __init__(self, ring, gens, coerce=True): |
|---|
| 1228 | """ |
|---|
| 1229 | Create an ideal in a multivariate polynomial ring. |
|---|
| 1230 | |
|---|
| 1231 | EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 1232 | sage: R.<x,y> = PolynomialRing(IntegerRing(), 2, order='lex') |
|---|
| 1233 | sage: R.ideal([x, y]) |
|---|
| 1234 | Ideal (x, y) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y over Integer Ring |
|---|
| 1235 | sage: R.<x0,x1> = GF(3)[] |
|---|
| 1236 | sage: R.ideal([x0^2, x1^3]) |
|---|
| 1237 | Ideal (x0^2, x1^3) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x0, x1 over Finite Field of size 3 |
|---|
| 1238 | """ |
|---|
| 1239 | Ideal_generic.__init__(self, ring, gens, coerce=coerce) |
|---|
| 1240 | |
|---|
| 1241 | def groebner_fan(self, is_groebner_basis=False, symmetry=None, verbose=False): |
|---|
| 1242 | r""" |
|---|
| 1243 | Return the Groebner fan of this ideal. |
|---|
| 1244 | |
|---|
| 1245 | The base ring must be $\Q$ or a finite field $\F_p$ of with |
|---|
| 1246 | $p \leq 32749$. |
|---|
| 1247 | |
|---|
| 1248 | INPUT: |
|---|
| 1249 | is_groebner_basis -- bool (default False). if True, then I.gens() must be |
|---|
| 1250 | a Groebner basis with respect to the standard |
|---|
| 1251 | degree lexicographic term order. |
|---|
| 1252 | symmetry -- default: None; if not None, describes symmetries of the ideal |
|---|
| 1253 | verbose -- default: False; if True, printout useful info during computations |
|---|
| 1254 | """ |
|---|
| 1255 | import groebner_fan |
|---|
| 1256 | return groebner_fan.GroebnerFan(self, is_groebner_basis=is_groebner_basis, |
|---|
| 1257 | symmetry=symmetry, verbose=verbose) |
|---|
| 1258 | |
|---|
| 1259 | def groebner_basis(self, algorithm=None): |
|---|
| 1260 | """ |
|---|
| 1261 | Return a Groebner basis of this ideal. |
|---|
| 1262 | |
|---|
| 1263 | INPUT: |
|---|
| 1264 | algorithm -- determines the algorithm to use, available are: |
|---|
| 1265 | * None - autoselect (default) |
|---|
| 1266 | * 'singular:groebner' - Singular's groebner command |
|---|
| 1267 | * 'singular:std' - Singular's std command |
|---|
| 1268 | * 'singular:stdhilb' - Singular's stdhib command |
|---|
| 1269 | * 'singular:stdfglm' - Singular's stdfglm command |
|---|
| 1270 | * 'singular:slimgb' - Singular's slimgb command |
|---|
| 1271 | * 'libsingular:std' - libSINGULAR's std command |
|---|
| 1272 | * 'libsingular:slimgb' - libSINGULAR's slimgb command |
|---|
| 1273 | * 'toy:buchberger' - SAGE's toy/educational buchberger without strategy |
|---|
| 1274 | * 'toy:buchberger2' - SAGE's toy/educational buchberger with strategy |
|---|
| 1275 | * 'macaulay2:gb' (if available) - Macaulay2's gb command |
|---|
| 1276 | * 'magma:GroebnerBasis' (if available) - MAGMA's Groebnerbasis command |
|---|
| 1277 | |
|---|
| 1278 | EXAMPLES: |
|---|
| 1279 | Consider Katsura-3 over QQ with term ordering 'degrevlex' |
|---|
| 1280 | |
|---|
| 1281 | sage: P.<a,b,c> = PolynomialRing(QQ,3, order='lex') |
|---|
| 1282 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Katsura(P,3) # regenerate to prevent caching |
|---|
| 1283 | sage: I.groebner_basis() |
|---|
| 1284 | [84*c^4 - 40*c^3 + c^2 + c, 7*b + 210*c^3 - 79*c^2 + 3*c, 7*a - 420*c^3 + 158*c^2 + 8*c - 7] |
|---|
| 1285 | |
|---|
| 1286 | |
|---|
| 1287 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Katsura(P,3) # regenerate to prevent caching |
|---|
| 1288 | sage: I.groebner_basis('singular:groebner') |
|---|
| 1289 | [84*c^4 - 40*c^3 + c^2 + c, 7*b + 210*c^3 - 79*c^2 + 3*c, 7*a - 420*c^3 + 158*c^2 + 8*c - 7] |
|---|
| 1290 | |
|---|
| 1291 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Katsura(P,3) # regenerate to prevent caching |
|---|
| 1292 | sage: I.groebner_basis('singular:std') |
|---|
| 1293 | [84*c^4 - 40*c^3 + c^2 + c, 7*b + 210*c^3 - 79*c^2 + 3*c, 7*a - 420*c^3 + 158*c^2 + 8*c - 7] |
|---|
| 1294 | |
|---|
| 1295 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Katsura(P,3) # regenerate to prevent caching |
|---|
| 1296 | sage: I.groebner_basis('singular:stdhilb') |
|---|
| 1297 | [84*c^4 - 40*c^3 + c^2 + c, 7*b + 210*c^3 - 79*c^2 + 3*c, 7*a - 420*c^3 + 158*c^2 + 8*c - 7] |
|---|
| 1298 | |
|---|
| 1299 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Katsura(P,3) # regenerate to prevent caching |
|---|
| 1300 | sage: I.groebner_basis('singular:stdfglm') |
|---|
| 1301 | [84*c^4 - 40*c^3 + c^2 + c, 7*b + 210*c^3 - 79*c^2 + 3*c, 7*a - 420*c^3 + 158*c^2 + 8*c - 7] |
|---|
| 1302 | |
|---|
| 1303 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Katsura(P,3) # regenerate to prevent caching |
|---|
| 1304 | sage: I.groebner_basis('singular:slimgb') |
|---|
| 1305 | [84*c^4 - 40*c^3 + c^2 + c, 7*b + 210*c^3 - 79*c^2 + 3*c, 7*a - 420*c^3 + 158*c^2 + 8*c - 7] |
|---|
| 1306 | |
|---|
| 1307 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Katsura(P,3) # regenerate to prevent caching |
|---|
| 1308 | sage: I.groebner_basis('toy:buchberger') |
|---|
| 1309 | [-30*c^4 + 100/7*c^3 - 5/14*c^2 - 5/14*c, -2*b^2 - b*c + 1/2*b, -7/125*b - 42/25*c^3 + 79/125*c^2 - 3/125*c, |
|---|
| 1310 | a + 2*b + 2*c - 1, a^2 - a + 2*b^2 + 2*c^2, -5*b*c + 1/2*b - 6*c^2 + 2*c, 2*a*b + 2*b*c - b] |
|---|
| 1311 | |
|---|
| 1312 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Katsura(P,3) # regenerate to prevent caching |
|---|
| 1313 | sage: I.groebner_basis('toy:buchberger2') |
|---|
| 1314 | [30*c^4 - 100/7*c^3 + 5/14*c^2 + 5/14*c, a + 2*b + 2*c - 1, |
|---|
| 1315 | 7/125*b + 42/25*c^3 - 79/125*c^2 + 3/125*c, a^2 - a + 2*b^2 + 2*c^2] |
|---|
| 1316 | |
|---|
| 1317 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Katsura(P,3) # regenerate to prevent caching |
|---|
| 1318 | sage: I.groebner_basis('macaulay2:gb') # optional requires Macaulay2 |
|---|
| 1319 | [84*c^4 - 40*c^3 + c^2 + c, 7*b + 210*c^3 - 79*c^2 + 3*c, 7*a - 420*c^3 + 158*c^2 + 8*c - 7] |
|---|
| 1320 | |
|---|
| 1321 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Katsura(P,3) # regenerate to prevent caching |
|---|
| 1322 | sage: I.groebner_basis('magma:GroebnerBasis') # optional requires MAGMA |
|---|
| 1323 | [a - 60*c^3 + 158/7*c^2 + 8/7*c - 1, b + 30*c^3 - 79/7*c^2 + 3/7*c, c^4 - 10/21*c^3 + 1/84*c^2 + 1/84*c] |
|---|
| 1324 | |
|---|
| 1325 | If Macaulay2 is installed, Groebner bases over ZZ can be computed. |
|---|
| 1326 | |
|---|
| 1327 | sage: P.<a,b,c> = PolynomialRing(ZZ,3) |
|---|
| 1328 | sage: I = P * (a + 2*b + 2*c - 1, a^2 - a + 2*b^2 + 2*c^2, 2*a*b + 2*b*c - b) |
|---|
| 1329 | sage: I.groebner_basis() #optional requires Macaulay2 |
|---|
| 1330 | [a + 2*b + 2*c - 1, 10*b*c + 12*c^2 - b - 4*c, 2*b^2 - 4*b*c - 6*c^2 + 2*c, |
|---|
| 1331 | 42*c^3 + b^2 + 2*b*c - 14*c^2 + b, 2*b*c^2 - 6*c^3 + b^2 + 5*b*c + 8*c^2 - b - 2*c, |
|---|
| 1332 | b^3 + b*c^2 + 12*c^3 + b^2 + b*c - 4*c^2] |
|---|
| 1333 | |
|---|
| 1334 | SAGE also supports local orderings (via SINGULAR): |
|---|
| 1335 | |
|---|
| 1336 | sage: P.<x,y,z> = PolynomialRing(QQ,3,order='negdegrevlex') |
|---|
| 1337 | sage: I = P * ( x*y*z + z^5, 2*x^2 + y^3 + z^7, 3*z^5 +y ^5 ) |
|---|
| 1338 | sage: I.groebner_basis() |
|---|
| 1339 | [2*x^2 + y^3, x*y*z + z^5, y^5 + 3*z^5, y^4*z - 2*x*z^5, z^6] |
|---|
| 1340 | |
|---|
| 1341 | ALGORITHM: Uses Singular, MAGMA (if available), Macaulay2 (if |
|---|
| 1342 | available), or toy implementation. |
|---|
| 1343 | |
|---|
| 1344 | """ |
|---|
| 1345 | if algorithm is None: |
|---|
| 1346 | if self.ring().base_ring() == sage.rings.integer_ring.ZZ: |
|---|
| 1347 | return self._macaulay2_groebner_basis() |
|---|
| 1348 | else: |
|---|
| 1349 | return self._groebner_basis_using_singular("groebner") |
|---|
| 1350 | elif algorithm.startswith('singular:'): |
|---|
| 1351 | return self._groebner_basis_using_singular(algorithm[9:]) |
|---|
| 1352 | elif algorithm.startswith('libsingular:'): |
|---|
| 1353 | return self._groebner_basis_using_libsingular(algorithm[len('libsingular:'):]) |
|---|
| 1354 | elif algorithm == 'macaulay2:gb': |
|---|
| 1355 | return self._macaulay2_groebner_basis() |
|---|
| 1356 | elif algorithm == 'magma:GroebnerBasis': |
|---|
| 1357 | return self._magma_groebner_basis() |
|---|
| 1358 | elif algorithm == 'toy:buchberger': |
|---|
| 1359 | return toy_buchberger.buchberger(self) |
|---|
| 1360 | elif algorithm == 'toy:buchberger2': |
|---|
| 1361 | return toy_buchberger.buchberger_improved(self) |
|---|
| 1362 | else: |
|---|
| 1363 | raise TypeError, "algorithm '%s' unknown"%algorithm |
|---|
| 1364 | |
|---|
| 1365 | |
|---|
| 1366 | def change_ring(self, P): |
|---|
| 1367 | r""" |
|---|
| 1368 | Return the ideal $I$ in $P$ spanned by the generators $g_1, |
|---|
| 1369 | ..., g_n$ of self as returned by self.gens(). |
|---|
| 1370 | |
|---|
| 1371 | INPUT: |
|---|
| 1372 | P -- a multivariate polynomial ring |
|---|
| 1373 | |
|---|
| 1374 | EXAMPLE: |
|---|
| 1375 | sage: P.<x,y,z> = PolynomialRing(QQ,3,order='lex') |
|---|
| 1376 | sage: I = sage.rings.ideal.Cyclic(P) |
|---|
| 1377 | sage: I |
|---|
| 1378 | Ideal (x + y + z, x*y + x*z + y*z, x*y*z - 1) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field |
|---|
| 1379 | sage: I.groebner_basis() |
|---|
| 1380 | [z^3 - 1, y^2 + y*z + z^2, x + y + z] |
|---|
| 1381 | |
|---|
| 1382 | sage: Q.<x,y,z> = P.new_ring(order='degrevlex'); Q |
|---|
| 1383 | Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field |
|---|
| 1384 | sage: Q.term_order() |
|---|
| 1385 | Degree reverse lexicographic term order |
|---|
| 1386 | |
|---|
| 1387 | sage: J = I.change_ring(Q); J |
|---|
| 1388 | Ideal (x + y + z, x*y + x*z + y*z, x*y*z - 1) of Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y, z over Rational Field |
|---|
| 1389 | sage: J.groebner_basis() |
|---|
| 1390 | [x + y + z, y^2 + y*z + z^2, z^3 - 1] |
|---|
| 1391 | """ |
|---|
| 1392 | return P.ideal([P(f) for f in self.gens()]) |
|---|