| 1 | r""" |
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| 2 | Matrix Spaces. |
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| 3 | |
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| 4 | You can create any space `\text{Mat}_{n\times m}(R)` of |
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| 5 | either dense or sparse matrices with given number of rows and |
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| 6 | columns over any commutative or noncommutative ring. |
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| 7 | |
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| 8 | EXAMPLES:: |
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| 9 | |
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| 10 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(QQ,6,6,sparse=True); MS |
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| 11 | Full MatrixSpace of 6 by 6 sparse matrices over Rational Field |
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| 12 | sage: MS.base_ring() |
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| 13 | Rational Field |
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| 14 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(ZZ,3,5,sparse=False); MS |
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| 15 | Full MatrixSpace of 3 by 5 dense matrices over Integer Ring |
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| 16 | |
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| 17 | TESTS:: |
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| 18 | |
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| 19 | sage: matrix(RR,2,2,sparse=True) |
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| 20 | [0.000000000000000 0.000000000000000] |
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| 21 | [0.000000000000000 0.000000000000000] |
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| 22 | sage: matrix(GF(11),2,2,sparse=True) |
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| 23 | [0 0] |
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| 24 | [0 0] |
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| 25 | """ |
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| 26 | |
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| 27 | # System imports |
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| 28 | import types |
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| 29 | import weakref |
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| 30 | import operator |
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| 31 | |
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| 32 | # SAGE matrix imports |
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| 33 | import matrix |
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| 34 | import matrix_generic_dense |
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| 35 | import matrix_generic_sparse |
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| 36 | |
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| 37 | import matrix_modn_dense |
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| 38 | import matrix_modn_sparse |
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| 39 | |
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| 40 | import matrix_mod2_dense |
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| 41 | #import matrix_mod2_sparse |
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| 42 | |
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| 43 | import matrix_integer_dense |
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| 44 | import matrix_integer_sparse |
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| 45 | |
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| 46 | import matrix_rational_dense |
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| 47 | import matrix_rational_sparse |
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| 48 | |
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| 49 | import matrix_mpolynomial_dense |
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| 50 | |
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| 51 | #import padics.matrix_padic_capped_relative_dense |
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| 52 | |
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| 53 | ## import matrix_cyclo_dense |
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| 54 | ## import matrix_cyclo_sparse |
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| 55 | |
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| 56 | |
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| 57 | # IMPORTANT - these two guys get imported below only later |
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| 58 | # since they currently force numpy to import, which takes |
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| 59 | # a *long* time. |
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| 60 | #import matrix_real_double_dense |
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| 61 | #import matrix_complex_double_dense |
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| 62 | |
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| 63 | import sage.groups.matrix_gps.matrix_group_element |
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| 64 | |
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| 65 | |
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| 66 | # SAGE imports |
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| 67 | import sage.structure.coerce |
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| 68 | import sage.structure.parent_gens as parent_gens |
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| 69 | import sage.rings.ring as ring |
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| 70 | import sage.rings.rational_field as rational_field |
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| 71 | import sage.rings.integer_ring as integer_ring |
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| 72 | import sage.rings.integer as integer |
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| 73 | import sage.rings.field as field |
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| 74 | import sage.rings.finite_field as finite_field |
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| 75 | import sage.rings.principal_ideal_domain as principal_ideal_domain |
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| 76 | import sage.rings.integral_domain as integral_domain |
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| 77 | import sage.rings.number_field.all |
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| 78 | import sage.rings.integer_mod_ring |
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| 79 | import sage.rings.polynomial.multi_polynomial_ring_generic |
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| 80 | import sage.misc.latex as latex |
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| 81 | #import sage.rings.real_double as real_double |
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| 82 | import sage.misc.mrange |
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| 83 | import sage.modules.free_module_element |
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| 84 | import sage.modules.free_module |
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| 85 | from sage.structure.sequence import Sequence |
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| 86 | |
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| 87 | def is_MatrixSpace(x): |
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| 88 | """ |
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| 89 | Returns True if self is an instance of MatrixSpace returns false if |
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| 90 | self is not an instance of MatrixSpace |
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| 91 | |
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| 92 | EXAMPLES:: |
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| 93 | |
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| 94 | sage: from sage.matrix.matrix_space import is_MatrixSpace |
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| 95 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(QQ,2) |
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| 96 | sage: A = MS.random_element() |
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| 97 | sage: is_MatrixSpace(MS) |
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| 98 | True |
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| 99 | sage: is_MatrixSpace(A) |
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| 100 | False |
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| 101 | sage: is_MatrixSpace(5) |
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| 102 | False |
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| 103 | """ |
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| 104 | |
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| 105 | return isinstance(x, MatrixSpace_generic) |
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| 106 | |
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| 107 | _cache = {} |
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| 108 | def MatrixSpace(base_ring, nrows, ncols=None, sparse=False): |
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| 109 | """ |
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| 110 | Create with the command |
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| 111 | |
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| 112 | MatrixSpace(base_ring , nrows [, ncols] [, sparse]) |
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| 113 | |
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| 114 | The default value of the optional argument sparse is False. The |
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| 115 | default value of the optional argument ncols is nrows. |
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| 116 | |
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| 117 | INPUT: |
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| 118 | |
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| 119 | |
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| 120 | - ``base_ring`` - a ring |
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| 121 | |
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| 122 | - ``nrows`` - int, the number of rows |
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| 123 | |
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| 124 | - ``ncols`` - (default nrows) int, the number of |
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| 125 | columns |
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| 126 | |
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| 127 | - ``sparse`` - (default false) whether or not matrices |
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| 128 | are given a sparse representation |
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| 129 | |
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| 130 | |
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| 131 | OUTPUT: The unique space of all nrows x ncols matrices over |
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| 132 | base_ring. |
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| 133 | |
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| 134 | EXAMPLES:: |
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| 135 | |
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| 136 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(RationalField(),2) |
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| 137 | sage: MS.base_ring() |
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| 138 | Rational Field |
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| 139 | sage: MS.dimension() |
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| 140 | 4 |
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| 141 | sage: MS.dims() |
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| 142 | (2, 2) |
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| 143 | sage: B = MS.basis() |
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| 144 | sage: B |
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| 145 | [ |
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| 146 | [1 0] |
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| 147 | [0 0], |
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| 148 | [0 1] |
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| 149 | [0 0], |
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| 150 | [0 0] |
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| 151 | [1 0], |
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| 152 | [0 0] |
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| 153 | [0 1] |
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| 154 | ] |
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| 155 | sage: B[0] |
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| 156 | [1 0] |
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| 157 | [0 0] |
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| 158 | sage: B[1] |
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| 159 | [0 1] |
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| 160 | [0 0] |
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| 161 | sage: B[2] |
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| 162 | [0 0] |
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| 163 | [1 0] |
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| 164 | sage: B[3] |
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| 165 | [0 0] |
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| 166 | [0 1] |
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| 167 | sage: A = MS.matrix([1,2,3,4]) |
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| 168 | sage: A |
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| 169 | [1 2] |
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| 170 | [3 4] |
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| 171 | sage: MS2 = MatrixSpace(RationalField(),2,3) |
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| 172 | sage: B = MS2.matrix([1,2,3,4,5,6]) |
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| 173 | sage: A*B |
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| 174 | [ 9 12 15] |
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| 175 | [19 26 33] |
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| 176 | |
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| 177 | :: |
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| 178 | |
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| 179 | sage: M = MatrixSpace(ZZ, 10) |
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| 180 | sage: M |
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| 181 | Full MatrixSpace of 10 by 10 dense matrices over Integer Ring |
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| 182 | sage: loads(M.dumps()) == M |
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| 183 | True |
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| 184 | """ |
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| 185 | if not sage.rings.ring.is_Ring(base_ring): |
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| 186 | raise TypeError, "base_ring (=%s) must be a ring"%base_ring |
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| 187 | |
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| 188 | if ncols is None: ncols = nrows |
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| 189 | nrows = int(nrows); ncols = int(ncols); sparse=bool(sparse) |
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| 190 | key = (base_ring, nrows, ncols, sparse) |
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| 191 | if _cache.has_key(key): |
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| 192 | M = _cache[key]() |
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| 193 | if not M is None: return M |
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| 194 | |
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| 195 | M = MatrixSpace_generic(base_ring, nrows, ncols, sparse) |
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| 196 | |
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| 197 | _cache[key] = weakref.ref(M) |
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| 198 | return M |
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| 199 | |
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| 200 | |
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| 201 | |
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| 202 | class MatrixSpace_generic(parent_gens.ParentWithGens): |
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| 203 | """ |
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| 204 | The space of all nrows x ncols matrices over base_ring. |
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| 205 | |
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| 206 | EXAMPLES:: |
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| 207 | |
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| 208 | sage: MatrixSpace(ZZ,10,5) |
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| 209 | Full MatrixSpace of 10 by 5 dense matrices over Integer Ring |
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| 210 | sage: MatrixSpace(ZZ,10,2^31) |
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| 211 | Traceback (most recent call last): # 32-bit |
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| 212 | ... # 32-bit |
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| 213 | ValueError: number of rows and columns must be less than 2^31 (on a 32-bit computer -- use a 64-bit computer for matrices with up to 2^63-1 rows and columns) # 32-bit |
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| 214 | Full MatrixSpace of 10 by 2147483648 dense matrices over Integer Ring # 64-bit |
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| 215 | """ |
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| 216 | def __init__(self, base_ring, |
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| 217 | nrows, |
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| 218 | ncols=None, |
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| 219 | sparse=False): |
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| 220 | parent_gens.ParentWithGens.__init__(self, base_ring) |
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| 221 | if not isinstance(base_ring, ring.Ring): |
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| 222 | raise TypeError, "base_ring must be a ring" |
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| 223 | if ncols == None: ncols = nrows |
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| 224 | nrows = int(nrows) |
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| 225 | ncols = int(ncols) |
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| 226 | if nrows < 0: |
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| 227 | raise ArithmeticError, "nrows must be nonnegative" |
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| 228 | if ncols < 0: |
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| 229 | raise ArithmeticError, "ncols must be nonnegative" |
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| 230 | |
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| 231 | if nrows >= 2**63 or ncols >= 2**63: |
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| 232 | raise ValueError, "number of rows and columns must be less than 2^63" |
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| 233 | elif nrows >= 2**31 or ncols >= 2**31 and not sage.misc.misc.is_64_bit: |
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| 234 | raise ValueError, "number of rows and columns must be less than 2^31 (on a 32-bit computer -- use a 64-bit computer for matrices with up to 2^63-1 rows and columns)" |
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| 235 | |
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| 236 | self.__nrows = nrows |
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| 237 | self.__is_sparse = sparse |
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| 238 | if ncols == None: |
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| 239 | self.__ncols = nrows |
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| 240 | else: |
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| 241 | self.__ncols = ncols |
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| 242 | self.__matrix_class = self._get_matrix_class() |
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| 243 | |
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| 244 | def __reduce__(self): |
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| 245 | """ |
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| 246 | EXAMPLES:: |
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| 247 | |
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| 248 | sage: A = Mat(ZZ,5,7,sparse=True) |
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| 249 | sage: A |
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| 250 | Full MatrixSpace of 5 by 7 sparse matrices over Integer Ring |
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| 251 | sage: loads(dumps(A)) == A |
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| 252 | True |
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| 253 | """ |
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| 254 | return MatrixSpace, (self.base_ring(), self.__nrows, self.__ncols, self.__is_sparse) |
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| 255 | |
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| 256 | def __call__(self, entries=0, coerce=True, copy=True, rows=None): |
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| 257 | """ |
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| 258 | EXAMPLES:: |
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| 259 | |
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| 260 | sage: k = GF(7); G = MatrixGroup([matrix(k,2,[1,1,0,1]), matrix(k,2,[1,0,0,2])]) |
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| 261 | sage: g = G.0 |
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| 262 | sage: MatrixSpace(k,2)(g) |
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| 263 | [1 1] |
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| 264 | [0 1] |
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| 265 | |
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| 266 | :: |
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| 267 | |
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| 268 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(ZZ,2,4) |
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| 269 | sage: M2 = MS(range(8)); M2 |
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| 270 | [0 1 2 3] |
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| 271 | [4 5 6 7] |
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| 272 | sage: M2.columns() |
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| 273 | [(0, 4), (1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7)] |
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| 274 | sage: MS(M2.columns()) |
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| 275 | [0 1 2 3] |
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| 276 | [4 5 6 7] |
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| 277 | sage: M2 == MS(M2.columns()) |
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| 278 | True |
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| 279 | sage: M2 == MS(M2.rows()) |
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| 280 | True |
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| 281 | |
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| 282 | :: |
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| 283 | |
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| 284 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(ZZ,2,4, sparse=True) |
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| 285 | sage: M2 = MS(range(8)); M2 |
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| 286 | [0 1 2 3] |
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| 287 | [4 5 6 7] |
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| 288 | sage: M2.columns() |
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| 289 | [(0, 4), (1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7)] |
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| 290 | sage: MS(M2.columns()) |
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| 291 | [0 1 2 3] |
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| 292 | [4 5 6 7] |
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| 293 | sage: M2 == MS(M2.columns()) |
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| 294 | True |
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| 295 | sage: M2 == MS(M2.rows()) |
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| 296 | True |
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| 297 | |
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| 298 | :: |
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| 299 | |
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| 300 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(ZZ,2,2) |
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| 301 | sage: MS([1,2,3,4]) |
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| 302 | [1 2] |
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| 303 | [3 4] |
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| 304 | sage: MS([1,2,3,4], rows=True) |
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| 305 | [1 2] |
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| 306 | [3 4] |
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| 307 | sage: MS([1,2,3,4], rows=False) |
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| 308 | [1 3] |
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| 309 | [2 4] |
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| 310 | |
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| 311 | :: |
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| 312 | |
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| 313 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(ZZ,2,2, sparse=True) |
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| 314 | sage: MS([1,2,3,4]) |
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| 315 | [1 2] |
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| 316 | [3 4] |
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| 317 | sage: MS([1,2,3,4], rows=True) |
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| 318 | [1 2] |
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| 319 | [3 4] |
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| 320 | sage: MS([1,2,3,4], rows=False) |
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| 321 | [1 3] |
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| 322 | [2 4] |
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| 323 | |
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| 324 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(ZZ, 2) |
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| 325 | sage: g = Gamma0(5)([1,1,0,1]) |
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| 326 | sage: MS(g) |
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| 327 | [1 1] |
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| 328 | [0 1] |
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| 329 | """ |
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| 330 | if entries is None: |
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| 331 | entries = 0 |
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| 332 | |
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| 333 | if entries == 0 and hasattr(self, '__zero_matrix'): |
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| 334 | return self.zero_matrix() |
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| 335 | |
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| 336 | if isinstance(entries, (list, tuple)) and len(entries) > 0 and \ |
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| 337 | sage.modules.free_module_element.is_FreeModuleElement(entries[0]): |
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| 338 | #Try to determine whether or not the entries should |
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| 339 | #be rows or columns |
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| 340 | if rows is None: |
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| 341 | #If the matrix is square, default to rows |
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| 342 | if self.__ncols == self.__nrows: |
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| 343 | rows = True |
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| 344 | elif len(entries[0]) == self.__ncols: |
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| 345 | rows = True |
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| 346 | elif len(entries[0]) == self.__nrows: |
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| 347 | rows = False |
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| 348 | else: |
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| 349 | raise ValueError, "incorrect dimensions" |
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| 350 | |
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| 351 | if self.__is_sparse: |
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| 352 | e = {} |
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| 353 | zero = self.base_ring()(0) |
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| 354 | for i in xrange(len(entries)): |
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| 355 | for j, x in entries[i].iteritems(): |
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| 356 | if x != zero: |
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| 357 | if rows: |
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| 358 | e[(i,j)] = x |
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| 359 | else: |
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| 360 | e[(j,i)] = x |
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| 361 | entries = e |
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| 362 | else: |
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| 363 | entries = sum([v.list() for v in entries],[]) |
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| 364 | |
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| 365 | if rows is None: |
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| 366 | rows = True |
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| 367 | |
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| 368 | if not self.__is_sparse and isinstance(entries, dict): |
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| 369 | entries = dict_to_list(entries, self.__nrows, self.__ncols) |
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| 370 | coerce = True |
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| 371 | copy = False |
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| 372 | elif self.__is_sparse and isinstance(entries, (list, tuple)): |
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| 373 | entries = list_to_dict(entries, self.__nrows, self.__ncols, rows=rows) |
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| 374 | coerce = True |
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| 375 | copy = False |
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| 376 | elif sage.groups.matrix_gps.matrix_group_element.is_MatrixGroupElement(entries) \ |
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| 377 | or isinstance(entries, sage.modular.arithgroup.arithgroup_element.ArithmeticSubgroupElement): |
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| 378 | return self(entries.matrix(), copy=False) |
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| 379 | |
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| 380 | return self.matrix(entries, copy=copy, coerce=coerce, rows=rows) |
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| 381 | |
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| 382 | def change_ring(self, R): |
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| 383 | """ |
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| 384 | Return matrix space over R with otherwise same parameters as self. |
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| 385 | |
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| 386 | INPUT: |
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| 387 | |
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| 388 | |
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| 389 | - ``R`` - ring |
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| 390 | |
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| 391 | |
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| 392 | OUTPUT: a matrix space |
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| 393 | |
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| 394 | EXAMPLES:: |
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| 395 | |
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| 396 | sage: Mat(QQ,3,5).change_ring(GF(7)) |
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| 397 | Full MatrixSpace of 3 by 5 dense matrices over Finite Field of size 7 |
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| 398 | """ |
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| 399 | try: |
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| 400 | return self.__change_ring[R] |
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| 401 | except AttributeError: |
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| 402 | self.__change_ring = {} |
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| 403 | except KeyError: |
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| 404 | pass |
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| 405 | M = MatrixSpace(R, self.__nrows, self.__ncols, self.__is_sparse) |
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| 406 | self.__change_ring[R] = M |
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| 407 | return M |
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| 408 | |
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| 409 | def base_extend(self, R): |
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| 410 | """ |
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| 411 | Return base extension of this matrix space to R. |
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| 412 | |
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| 413 | INPUT: |
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| 414 | |
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| 415 | |
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| 416 | - ``R`` - ring |
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| 417 | |
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| 418 | |
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| 419 | OUTPUT: a matrix space |
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| 420 | |
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| 421 | EXAMPLES:: |
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| 422 | |
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| 423 | sage: Mat(ZZ,3,5).base_extend(QQ) |
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| 424 | Full MatrixSpace of 3 by 5 dense matrices over Rational Field |
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| 425 | sage: Mat(QQ,3,5).base_extend(GF(7)) |
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| 426 | Traceback (most recent call last): |
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| 427 | ... |
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| 428 | TypeError: no base extension defined |
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| 429 | """ |
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| 430 | if R.has_coerce_map_from(self.base_ring()): |
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| 431 | return self.change_ring(R) |
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| 432 | raise TypeError, "no base extension defined" |
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| 433 | |
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| 434 | def construction(self): |
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| 435 | """ |
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| 436 | EXAMPLES:: |
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| 437 | |
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| 438 | sage: A = matrix(ZZ, 2, [1..4], sparse=True) |
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| 439 | sage: A.parent().construction() |
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| 440 | (MatrixFunctor, Integer Ring) |
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| 441 | sage: A.parent().construction()[0](QQ['x']) |
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| 442 | Full MatrixSpace of 2 by 2 sparse matrices over Univariate Polynomial Ring in x over Rational Field |
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| 443 | sage: parent(A/2) |
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| 444 | Full MatrixSpace of 2 by 2 sparse matrices over Rational Field |
|---|
| 445 | """ |
|---|
| 446 | from sage.categories.pushout import MatrixFunctor |
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| 447 | return MatrixFunctor(self.__nrows, self.__ncols, is_sparse=self.is_sparse()), self.base_ring() |
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| 448 | |
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| 449 | def get_action_impl(self, S, op, self_on_left): |
|---|
| 450 | try: |
|---|
| 451 | if op is operator.mul: |
|---|
| 452 | import action as matrix_action |
|---|
| 453 | if self_on_left: |
|---|
| 454 | if is_MatrixSpace(S): |
|---|
| 455 | return matrix_action.MatrixMatrixAction(self, S) |
|---|
| 456 | elif sage.modules.free_module.is_FreeModule(S): |
|---|
| 457 | return matrix_action.MatrixVectorAction(self, S) |
|---|
| 458 | else: |
|---|
| 459 | # action of basering |
|---|
| 460 | return sage.structure.coerce.RightModuleAction(S, self) |
|---|
| 461 | else: |
|---|
| 462 | if sage.modules.free_module.is_FreeModule(S): |
|---|
| 463 | return matrix_action.VectorMatrixAction(self, S) |
|---|
| 464 | else: |
|---|
| 465 | # action of basering |
|---|
| 466 | return sage.structure.coerce.LeftModuleAction(S, self) |
|---|
| 467 | else: |
|---|
| 468 | return None |
|---|
| 469 | except TypeError: |
|---|
| 470 | return None |
|---|
| 471 | |
|---|
| 472 | def _coerce_impl(self, x): |
|---|
| 473 | """ |
|---|
| 474 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 475 | |
|---|
| 476 | sage: MS1 = MatrixSpace(QQ,3) |
|---|
| 477 | sage: MS2 = MatrixSpace(ZZ,4,5,true) |
|---|
| 478 | sage: A = MS1(range(9)) |
|---|
| 479 | sage: D = MS2(range(20)) |
|---|
| 480 | sage: MS1._coerce_(A) |
|---|
| 481 | [0 1 2] |
|---|
| 482 | [3 4 5] |
|---|
| 483 | [6 7 8] |
|---|
| 484 | sage: MS2._coerce_(D) |
|---|
| 485 | [ 0 1 2 3 4] |
|---|
| 486 | [ 5 6 7 8 9] |
|---|
| 487 | [10 11 12 13 14] |
|---|
| 488 | [15 16 17 18 19] |
|---|
| 489 | """ |
|---|
| 490 | if isinstance(x, matrix.Matrix): |
|---|
| 491 | if self.is_sparse() and x.is_dense(): |
|---|
| 492 | raise TypeError, "cannot coerce dense matrix into sparse space for arithmetic" |
|---|
| 493 | if x.nrows() == self.nrows() and x.ncols() == self.ncols(): |
|---|
| 494 | if self.base_ring().has_coerce_map_from(x.base_ring()): |
|---|
| 495 | return self(x) |
|---|
| 496 | raise TypeError, "no canonical coercion" |
|---|
| 497 | return self._coerce_try(x, self.base_ring()) |
|---|
| 498 | |
|---|
| 499 | def __cmp__(self, other): |
|---|
| 500 | """ |
|---|
| 501 | Compare this matrix space with other. Sparse and dense matrix |
|---|
| 502 | spaces with otherwise the same parameters are considered equal. |
|---|
| 503 | |
|---|
| 504 | If other is not a matrix space, return something arbitrary but |
|---|
| 505 | deterministic. Otherwise, compare based on base ring, then on |
|---|
| 506 | number of rows and columns. |
|---|
| 507 | |
|---|
| 508 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 509 | |
|---|
| 510 | sage: Mat(ZZ,1000) == Mat(QQ,1000) |
|---|
| 511 | False |
|---|
| 512 | sage: Mat(ZZ,10) == Mat(ZZ,10) |
|---|
| 513 | True |
|---|
| 514 | sage: Mat(ZZ,10, sparse=False) == Mat(ZZ,10, sparse=True) |
|---|
| 515 | True |
|---|
| 516 | """ |
|---|
| 517 | if isinstance(other, MatrixSpace_generic): |
|---|
| 518 | return cmp((self.base_ring(), self.__nrows, self.__ncols), |
|---|
| 519 | (other.base_ring(), other.__nrows, other.__ncols)) |
|---|
| 520 | return cmp(type(self), type(other)) |
|---|
| 521 | |
|---|
| 522 | def _repr_(self): |
|---|
| 523 | """ |
|---|
| 524 | Returns the string representation of a MatrixSpace |
|---|
| 525 | |
|---|
| 526 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 527 | |
|---|
| 528 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(ZZ,2,4,true) |
|---|
| 529 | sage: repr(MS) |
|---|
| 530 | 'Full MatrixSpace of 2 by 4 sparse matrices over Integer Ring' |
|---|
| 531 | sage: MS |
|---|
| 532 | Full MatrixSpace of 2 by 4 sparse matrices over Integer Ring |
|---|
| 533 | """ |
|---|
| 534 | if self.is_sparse(): |
|---|
| 535 | s = "sparse" |
|---|
| 536 | else: |
|---|
| 537 | s = "dense" |
|---|
| 538 | return "Full MatrixSpace of %s by %s %s matrices over %s"%( |
|---|
| 539 | self.__nrows, self.__ncols, s, self.base_ring()) |
|---|
| 540 | |
|---|
| 541 | def _latex_(self): |
|---|
| 542 | r""" |
|---|
| 543 | Returns the latex representation of a MatrixSpace |
|---|
| 544 | |
|---|
| 545 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 546 | |
|---|
| 547 | sage: MS3 = MatrixSpace(QQ,6,6,true) |
|---|
| 548 | sage: latex(MS3) |
|---|
| 549 | \mathrm{Mat}_{6\times 6}(\Bold{Q}) |
|---|
| 550 | """ |
|---|
| 551 | return "\\mathrm{Mat}_{%s\\times %s}(%s)"%(self.nrows(), self.ncols(), |
|---|
| 552 | latex.latex(self.base_ring())) |
|---|
| 553 | |
|---|
| 554 | def __iter__(self): |
|---|
| 555 | r""" |
|---|
| 556 | Returns a generator object which iterates through the elements of |
|---|
| 557 | self. The order in which the elements are generated is based on a |
|---|
| 558 | 'weight' of a matrix which is the number of iterations on the base |
|---|
| 559 | ring that are required to reach that matrix. |
|---|
| 560 | |
|---|
| 561 | The ordering is similar to a degree negative lexicographic order in |
|---|
| 562 | monomials in a multivariate polynomial ring. |
|---|
| 563 | |
|---|
| 564 | EXAMPLES: Consider the case of 2 x 2 matrices over GF(5). |
|---|
| 565 | |
|---|
| 566 | :: |
|---|
| 567 | |
|---|
| 568 | sage: list( GF(5) ) |
|---|
| 569 | [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] |
|---|
| 570 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(GF(5), 2, 2) |
|---|
| 571 | sage: l = list(MS) |
|---|
| 572 | |
|---|
| 573 | Then, consider the following matrices:: |
|---|
| 574 | |
|---|
| 575 | sage: A = MS([2,1,0,1]); A |
|---|
| 576 | [2 1] |
|---|
| 577 | [0 1] |
|---|
| 578 | sage: B = MS([1,2,1,0]); B |
|---|
| 579 | [1 2] |
|---|
| 580 | [1 0] |
|---|
| 581 | sage: C = MS([1,2,0,0]); C |
|---|
| 582 | [1 2] |
|---|
| 583 | [0 0] |
|---|
| 584 | |
|---|
| 585 | A appears before B since the weight of one of A's entries exceeds |
|---|
| 586 | the weight of the corresponding entry in B earliest in the list. |
|---|
| 587 | |
|---|
| 588 | :: |
|---|
| 589 | |
|---|
| 590 | sage: l.index(A) |
|---|
| 591 | 41 |
|---|
| 592 | sage: l.index(B) |
|---|
| 593 | 46 |
|---|
| 594 | |
|---|
| 595 | However, A would come after the matrix C since C has a lower weight |
|---|
| 596 | than A. |
|---|
| 597 | |
|---|
| 598 | :: |
|---|
| 599 | |
|---|
| 600 | sage: l.index(A) |
|---|
| 601 | 41 |
|---|
| 602 | sage: l.index(C) |
|---|
| 603 | 19 |
|---|
| 604 | |
|---|
| 605 | The weights of matrices over other base rings are not as obvious. |
|---|
| 606 | For example, the weight of |
|---|
| 607 | |
|---|
| 608 | :: |
|---|
| 609 | |
|---|
| 610 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(ZZ, 2, 2) |
|---|
| 611 | sage: MS([-1,0,0,0]) |
|---|
| 612 | [-1 0] |
|---|
| 613 | [ 0 0] |
|---|
| 614 | |
|---|
| 615 | is 2 since |
|---|
| 616 | |
|---|
| 617 | :: |
|---|
| 618 | |
|---|
| 619 | sage: i = iter(ZZ) |
|---|
| 620 | sage: i.next() |
|---|
| 621 | 0 |
|---|
| 622 | sage: i.next() |
|---|
| 623 | 1 |
|---|
| 624 | sage: i.next() |
|---|
| 625 | -1 |
|---|
| 626 | |
|---|
| 627 | Some more examples:: |
|---|
| 628 | |
|---|
| 629 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(GF(2),2) |
|---|
| 630 | sage: a = list(MS) |
|---|
| 631 | sage: len(a) |
|---|
| 632 | 16 |
|---|
| 633 | sage: for m in a: print m, '\n-' |
|---|
| 634 | [0 0] |
|---|
| 635 | [0 0] |
|---|
| 636 | - |
|---|
| 637 | [1 0] |
|---|
| 638 | [0 0] |
|---|
| 639 | - |
|---|
| 640 | [0 1] |
|---|
| 641 | [0 0] |
|---|
| 642 | - |
|---|
| 643 | [0 0] |
|---|
| 644 | [1 0] |
|---|
| 645 | - |
|---|
| 646 | [0 0] |
|---|
| 647 | [0 1] |
|---|
| 648 | - |
|---|
| 649 | [1 1] |
|---|
| 650 | [0 0] |
|---|
| 651 | - |
|---|
| 652 | [1 0] |
|---|
| 653 | [1 0] |
|---|
| 654 | - |
|---|
| 655 | [1 0] |
|---|
| 656 | [0 1] |
|---|
| 657 | - |
|---|
| 658 | [0 1] |
|---|
| 659 | [1 0] |
|---|
| 660 | - |
|---|
| 661 | [0 1] |
|---|
| 662 | [0 1] |
|---|
| 663 | - |
|---|
| 664 | [0 0] |
|---|
| 665 | [1 1] |
|---|
| 666 | - |
|---|
| 667 | [1 1] |
|---|
| 668 | [1 0] |
|---|
| 669 | - |
|---|
| 670 | [1 1] |
|---|
| 671 | [0 1] |
|---|
| 672 | - |
|---|
| 673 | [1 0] |
|---|
| 674 | [1 1] |
|---|
| 675 | - |
|---|
| 676 | [0 1] |
|---|
| 677 | [1 1] |
|---|
| 678 | - |
|---|
| 679 | [1 1] |
|---|
| 680 | [1 1] |
|---|
| 681 | - |
|---|
| 682 | |
|---|
| 683 | :: |
|---|
| 684 | |
|---|
| 685 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(GF(2),2, 3) |
|---|
| 686 | sage: a = list(MS) |
|---|
| 687 | sage: len(a) |
|---|
| 688 | 64 |
|---|
| 689 | sage: a[0] |
|---|
| 690 | [0 0 0] |
|---|
| 691 | [0 0 0] |
|---|
| 692 | |
|---|
| 693 | :: |
|---|
| 694 | |
|---|
| 695 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(ZZ, 2, 3) |
|---|
| 696 | sage: i = iter(MS) |
|---|
| 697 | sage: a = [ i.next() for _ in range(6) ] |
|---|
| 698 | sage: a[0] |
|---|
| 699 | [0 0 0] |
|---|
| 700 | [0 0 0] |
|---|
| 701 | sage: a[4] |
|---|
| 702 | [0 0 0] |
|---|
| 703 | [1 0 0] |
|---|
| 704 | |
|---|
| 705 | For degenerate cases, where either the number of rows or columns |
|---|
| 706 | (or both) are zero, then the single element of the space is |
|---|
| 707 | returned. |
|---|
| 708 | |
|---|
| 709 | :: |
|---|
| 710 | |
|---|
| 711 | sage: list( MatrixSpace(GF(2), 2, 0) ) |
|---|
| 712 | [[]] |
|---|
| 713 | sage: list( MatrixSpace(GF(2), 0, 2) ) |
|---|
| 714 | [[]] |
|---|
| 715 | sage: list( MatrixSpace(GF(2), 0, 0) ) |
|---|
| 716 | [[]] |
|---|
| 717 | |
|---|
| 718 | If the base ring does not support iteration (for example, with the |
|---|
| 719 | reals), then the matrix space over that ring does not support |
|---|
| 720 | iteration either. |
|---|
| 721 | |
|---|
| 722 | :: |
|---|
| 723 | |
|---|
| 724 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(RR, 2) |
|---|
| 725 | sage: a = list(MS) |
|---|
| 726 | Traceback (most recent call last): |
|---|
| 727 | ... |
|---|
| 728 | NotImplementedError: object does not support iteration |
|---|
| 729 | """ |
|---|
| 730 | #Make sure that we can interate over the base ring |
|---|
| 731 | base_ring = self.base_ring() |
|---|
| 732 | base_iter = iter(base_ring) |
|---|
| 733 | |
|---|
| 734 | number_of_entries = (self.__nrows*self.__ncols) |
|---|
| 735 | |
|---|
| 736 | #If the number of entries is zero, then just |
|---|
| 737 | #yield the empty matrix in that case and return |
|---|
| 738 | if number_of_entries == 0: |
|---|
| 739 | yield self(0) |
|---|
| 740 | raise StopIteration |
|---|
| 741 | |
|---|
| 742 | import sage.combinat.integer_vector |
|---|
| 743 | |
|---|
| 744 | if not base_ring.is_finite(): |
|---|
| 745 | #When the base ring is not finite, then we should go |
|---|
| 746 | #through and yield the matrices by "weight", which is |
|---|
| 747 | #the total number of iterations that need to be done |
|---|
| 748 | #on the base ring to reach the matrix. |
|---|
| 749 | base_elements = [ base_iter.next() ] |
|---|
| 750 | weight = 0 |
|---|
| 751 | while True: |
|---|
| 752 | for iv in sage.combinat.integer_vector.IntegerVectors(weight, number_of_entries): |
|---|
| 753 | yield self(entries=[base_elements[i] for i in iv], rows=True) |
|---|
| 754 | |
|---|
| 755 | weight += 1 |
|---|
| 756 | base_elements.append( base_iter.next() ) |
|---|
| 757 | else: |
|---|
| 758 | #In the finite case, we do a similar thing except that |
|---|
| 759 | #the "weight" of each entry is bounded by the number |
|---|
| 760 | #of elements in the base ring |
|---|
| 761 | order = base_ring.order() |
|---|
| 762 | done = False |
|---|
| 763 | base_elements = list(base_ring) |
|---|
| 764 | for weight in range((order-1)*number_of_entries+1): |
|---|
| 765 | for iv in sage.combinat.integer_vector.IntegerVectors(weight, number_of_entries, max_part=(order-1)): |
|---|
| 766 | yield self(entries=[base_elements[i] for i in iv], rows=True) |
|---|
| 767 | |
|---|
| 768 | |
|---|
| 769 | def _get_matrix_class(self): |
|---|
| 770 | """ |
|---|
| 771 | Returns the class of self |
|---|
| 772 | |
|---|
| 773 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 774 | |
|---|
| 775 | sage: MS1 = MatrixSpace(QQ,4) |
|---|
| 776 | sage: MS2 = MatrixSpace(ZZ,4,5,true) |
|---|
| 777 | sage: MS1._get_matrix_class() |
|---|
| 778 | <type 'sage.matrix.matrix_rational_dense.Matrix_rational_dense'> |
|---|
| 779 | sage: MS2._get_matrix_class() |
|---|
| 780 | <type 'sage.matrix.matrix_integer_sparse.Matrix_integer_sparse'> |
|---|
| 781 | sage: type(matrix(SR, 2, 2, 0)) |
|---|
| 782 | <type 'sage.matrix.matrix_symbolic_dense.Matrix_symbolic_dense'> |
|---|
| 783 | """ |
|---|
| 784 | R = self.base_ring() |
|---|
| 785 | if self.is_dense(): |
|---|
| 786 | if sage.rings.integer_ring.is_IntegerRing(R): |
|---|
| 787 | return matrix_integer_dense.Matrix_integer_dense |
|---|
| 788 | elif sage.rings.rational_field.is_RationalField(R): |
|---|
| 789 | return matrix_rational_dense.Matrix_rational_dense |
|---|
| 790 | elif sage.rings.number_field.number_field.is_CyclotomicField(R): |
|---|
| 791 | import matrix_cyclo_dense |
|---|
| 792 | return matrix_cyclo_dense.Matrix_cyclo_dense |
|---|
| 793 | elif R==sage.rings.real_double.RDF: |
|---|
| 794 | import matrix_real_double_dense |
|---|
| 795 | return matrix_real_double_dense.Matrix_real_double_dense |
|---|
| 796 | elif R==sage.rings.complex_double.CDF: |
|---|
| 797 | import matrix_complex_double_dense |
|---|
| 798 | return matrix_complex_double_dense.Matrix_complex_double_dense |
|---|
| 799 | elif sage.rings.integer_mod_ring.is_IntegerModRing(R) and R.order() < matrix_modn_dense.MAX_MODULUS: |
|---|
| 800 | if R.order() == 2: |
|---|
| 801 | return matrix_mod2_dense.Matrix_mod2_dense |
|---|
| 802 | return matrix_modn_dense.Matrix_modn_dense |
|---|
| 803 | elif sage.rings.polynomial.multi_polynomial_ring_generic.is_MPolynomialRing(R) and R.base_ring().is_field(): |
|---|
| 804 | return matrix_mpolynomial_dense.Matrix_mpolynomial_dense |
|---|
| 805 | #elif isinstance(R, sage.rings.padics.padic_ring_capped_relative.pAdicRingCappedRelative): |
|---|
| 806 | # return padics.matrix_padic_capped_relative_dense |
|---|
| 807 | # the default |
|---|
| 808 | else: |
|---|
| 809 | from sage.symbolic.ring import SR # causes circular imports |
|---|
| 810 | if R is SR: |
|---|
| 811 | import matrix_symbolic_dense |
|---|
| 812 | return matrix_symbolic_dense.Matrix_symbolic_dense |
|---|
| 813 | return matrix_generic_dense.Matrix_generic_dense |
|---|
| 814 | |
|---|
| 815 | else: |
|---|
| 816 | if sage.rings.integer_mod_ring.is_IntegerModRing(R) and R.order() < matrix_modn_sparse.MAX_MODULUS: |
|---|
| 817 | return matrix_modn_sparse.Matrix_modn_sparse |
|---|
| 818 | elif sage.rings.rational_field.is_RationalField(R): |
|---|
| 819 | return matrix_rational_sparse.Matrix_rational_sparse |
|---|
| 820 | elif sage.rings.integer_ring.is_IntegerRing(R): |
|---|
| 821 | return matrix_integer_sparse.Matrix_integer_sparse |
|---|
| 822 | # the default |
|---|
| 823 | return matrix_generic_sparse.Matrix_generic_sparse |
|---|
| 824 | |
|---|
| 825 | |
|---|
| 826 | def basis(self): |
|---|
| 827 | """ |
|---|
| 828 | Returns a basis for this matrix space. |
|---|
| 829 | |
|---|
| 830 | .. warning:: |
|---|
| 831 | |
|---|
| 832 | This will of course compute every generator of this matrix |
|---|
| 833 | space. So for large matrices, this could take a long time, |
|---|
| 834 | waste a massive amount of memory (for dense matrices), and |
|---|
| 835 | is likely not very useful. Don't use this on large matrix |
|---|
| 836 | spaces. |
|---|
| 837 | |
|---|
| 838 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 839 | |
|---|
| 840 | sage: Mat(ZZ,2,2).basis() |
|---|
| 841 | [ |
|---|
| 842 | [1 0] |
|---|
| 843 | [0 0], |
|---|
| 844 | [0 1] |
|---|
| 845 | [0 0], |
|---|
| 846 | [0 0] |
|---|
| 847 | [1 0], |
|---|
| 848 | [0 0] |
|---|
| 849 | [0 1] |
|---|
| 850 | ] |
|---|
| 851 | """ |
|---|
| 852 | v = [self.zero_matrix() for _ in range(self.dimension())] |
|---|
| 853 | one = self.base_ring()(1) |
|---|
| 854 | i = 0 |
|---|
| 855 | for r in range(self.__nrows): |
|---|
| 856 | for c in range(self.__ncols): |
|---|
| 857 | v[i][r,c] = one |
|---|
| 858 | v[i].set_immutable() |
|---|
| 859 | i += 1 |
|---|
| 860 | return Sequence(v, universe=self, check=False, immutable=True, cr=True) |
|---|
| 861 | |
|---|
| 862 | def dimension(self): |
|---|
| 863 | """ |
|---|
| 864 | Returns (m rows) \* (n cols) of self as Integer |
|---|
| 865 | |
|---|
| 866 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 867 | |
|---|
| 868 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(ZZ,4,6) |
|---|
| 869 | sage: u = MS.dimension() |
|---|
| 870 | sage: u - 24 == 0 |
|---|
| 871 | True |
|---|
| 872 | """ |
|---|
| 873 | return self.__nrows * self.__ncols |
|---|
| 874 | |
|---|
| 875 | def dims(self): |
|---|
| 876 | """ |
|---|
| 877 | Returns (m row, n col) representation of self dimension |
|---|
| 878 | |
|---|
| 879 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 880 | |
|---|
| 881 | sage: MS = MatrixSpace(ZZ,4,6) |
|---|
| 882 | sage: MS.dims() |
|---|
| 883 | (4, 6) |
|---|
| 884 | """ |
|---|
| 885 | return (self.__nrows, self.__ncols) |
|---|
| 886 | |
|---|
| 887 | def identity_matrix(self): |
|---|
| 888 | """ |
|---|
| 889 | Create an identity matrix in self. (Must be a space of square |
|---|
| 890 | matrices). |
|---|
| 891 | |
|---|
| 892 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 893 | |
|---|
| 894 | sage: MS1 = MatrixSpace(ZZ,4) |
|---|
| 895 | sage: MS2 = MatrixSpace(QQ,3,4) |
|---|
| 896 | sage: I = MS1.identity_matrix() |
|---|
| 897 | sage: I |
|---|
| 898 | [1 0 0 0] |
|---|
| 899 | [0 1 0 0] |
|---|
| 900 | [0 0 1 0] |
|---|
| 901 | [0 0 0 1] |
|---|
| 902 | sage: Er = MS2.identity_matrix() |
|---|
| 903 | Traceback (most recent call last): |
|---|
| 904 | ... |
|---|
| 905 | TypeError: self must be a space of square matrices |
|---|
| 906 | """ |
|---|
| 907 | if self.__nrows != self.__ncols: |
|---|
| 908 | raise TypeError, "self must be a space of square matrices" |
|---|
| 909 | A = self(0) |
|---|
| 910 | for i in xrange(self.__nrows): |
|---|
| 911 | A[i,i] = 1 |
|---|
| 912 | return A |
|---|
| 913 | |
|---|
| 914 | def is_dense(self): |
|---|
| 915 | """ |
|---|
| 916 | Returns True if matrices in self are dense and False otherwise. |
|---|
| 917 | |
|---|
| 918 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 919 | |
|---|
| 920 | sage: Mat(RDF,2,3).is_sparse() |
|---|
| 921 | False |
|---|
| 922 | sage: Mat(RR,123456,22,sparse=True).is_sparse() |
|---|
| 923 | True |
|---|
| 924 | """ |
|---|
| 925 | return not self.__is_sparse |
|---|
| 926 | |
|---|
| 927 | def is_sparse(self): |
|---|
| 928 | """ |
|---|
| 929 | Returns True if matrices in self are sparse and False otherwise. |
|---|
| 930 | |
|---|
| 931 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 932 | |
|---|
| 933 | sage: Mat(GF(2011),10000).is_sparse() |
|---|
| 934 | False |
|---|
| 935 | sage: Mat(GF(2011),10000,sparse=True).is_sparse() |
|---|
| 936 | True |
|---|
| 937 | """ |
|---|
| 938 | return self.__is_sparse |
|---|
| 939 | |
|---|
| 940 | def is_finite(self): |
|---|
| 941 | """ |
|---|
| 942 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 943 | |
|---|
| 944 | sage: MatrixSpace(GF(101), 10000).is_finite() |
|---|
| 945 | True |
|---|
| 946 | sage: MatrixSpace(QQ, 2).is_finite() |
|---|
| 947 | False |
|---|
| 948 | """ |
|---|
| 949 | return self.base_ring().is_finite() |
|---|
| 950 | |
|---|
| 951 | def gen(self, n): |
|---|
| 952 | """ |
|---|
| 953 | Return the n-th generator of this matrix space. |
|---|
| 954 | |
|---|
| 955 | This doesn't compute all basis matrices, so it is reasonably |
|---|
| 956 | intelligent. |
|---|
| 957 | |
|---|
| 958 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 959 | |
|---|
| 960 | sage: M = Mat(GF(7),10000,5); M.ngens() |
|---|
| 961 | 50000 |
|---|
| 962 | sage: a = M.10 |
|---|
| 963 | sage: a[:4] |
|---|
| 964 | [0 0 0 0 0] |
|---|
| 965 | [0 0 0 0 0] |
|---|
| 966 | [1 0 0 0 0] |
|---|
| 967 | [0 0 0 0 0] |
|---|
| 968 | """ |
|---|
| 969 | if hasattr(self, '__basis'): |
|---|
| 970 | return self.__basis[n] |
|---|
| 971 | r = n // self.__ncols |
|---|
| 972 | c = n - (r * self.__ncols) |
|---|
| 973 | z = self.zero_matrix() |
|---|
| 974 | z[r,c] = 1 |
|---|
| 975 | return z |
|---|
| 976 | |
|---|
| 977 | def zero_matrix(self): |
|---|
| 978 | """ |
|---|
| 979 | Return the zero matrix. |
|---|
| 980 | """ |
|---|
| 981 | try: |
|---|
| 982 | z = self.__zero_matrix |
|---|
| 983 | except AttributeError: |
|---|
| 984 | z = self(0) |
|---|
| 985 | self.__zero_matrix = z |
|---|
| 986 | return z.__copy__() |
|---|
| 987 | |
|---|
| 988 | def ngens(self): |
|---|
| 989 | """ |
|---|
| 990 | Return the number of generators of this matrix space, which is the |
|---|
| 991 | number of entries in the matrices in this space. |
|---|
| 992 | |
|---|
| 993 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 994 | |
|---|
| 995 | sage: M = Mat(GF(7),100,200); M.ngens() |
|---|
| 996 | 20000 |
|---|
| 997 | """ |
|---|
| 998 | return self.dimension() |
|---|
| 999 | |
|---|
| 1000 | def matrix(self, x=0, coerce=True, copy=True, rows=True): |
|---|
| 1001 | """ |
|---|
| 1002 | Create a matrix in self. The entries can be specified either as a |
|---|
| 1003 | single list of length nrows\*ncols, or as a list of lists. |
|---|
| 1004 | |
|---|
| 1005 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 1006 | |
|---|
| 1007 | sage: M = MatrixSpace(ZZ, 2) |
|---|
| 1008 | sage: M.matrix([[1,0],[0,-1]]) |
|---|
| 1009 | [ 1 0] |
|---|
| 1010 | [ 0 -1] |
|---|
| 1011 | sage: M.matrix([1,0,0,-1]) |
|---|
| 1012 | [ 1 0] |
|---|
| 1013 | [ 0 -1] |
|---|
| 1014 | sage: M.matrix([1,2,3,4]) |
|---|
| 1015 | [1 2] |
|---|
| 1016 | [3 4] |
|---|
| 1017 | sage: M.matrix([1,2,3,4],rows=False) |
|---|
| 1018 | [1 3] |
|---|
| 1019 | [2 4] |
|---|
| 1020 | """ |
|---|
| 1021 | if isinstance(x, (types.GeneratorType, xrange)): |
|---|
| 1022 | x = list(x) |
|---|
| 1023 | elif isinstance(x, (int, integer.Integer)) and x==1: |
|---|
| 1024 | return self.identity_matrix() |
|---|
| 1025 | if matrix.is_Matrix(x): |
|---|
| 1026 | if x.parent() is self: |
|---|
| 1027 | if x.is_immutable(): |
|---|
| 1028 | return x |
|---|
| 1029 | else: |
|---|
| 1030 | return x.copy() |
|---|
| 1031 | x = x.list() |
|---|
| 1032 | if isinstance(x, list) and len(x) > 0: |
|---|
| 1033 | if isinstance(x[0], list): |
|---|
| 1034 | x = sum(x,[]) |
|---|
| 1035 | elif hasattr(x[0], "is_vector"): # TODO: is this the best way to test that? |
|---|
| 1036 | e = [] |
|---|
| 1037 | for v in x: |
|---|
| 1038 | e = e + v.list() |
|---|
| 1039 | copy = False # deep copy? |
|---|
| 1040 | x = e |
|---|
| 1041 | elif isinstance(x[0], tuple): |
|---|
| 1042 | x = list(sum(x,())) |
|---|
| 1043 | |
|---|
| 1044 | if not rows: |
|---|
| 1045 | new_x = [] |
|---|
| 1046 | for k in range(len(x)): |
|---|
| 1047 | i = k % self.__ncols |
|---|
| 1048 | j = k // self.__ncols |
|---|
| 1049 | new_x.append( x[ i*self.__nrows + j ] ) |
|---|
| 1050 | x = new_x |
|---|
| 1051 | |
|---|
| 1052 | return self.__matrix_class(self, entries=x, copy=copy, coerce=coerce) |
|---|
| 1053 | |
|---|
| 1054 | def matrix_space(self, nrows=None, ncols=None, sparse=False): |
|---|
| 1055 | """ |
|---|
| 1056 | Return the matrix space with given number of rows, columns and |
|---|
| 1057 | sparcity over the same base ring as self, and defaults the same as |
|---|
| 1058 | self. |
|---|
| 1059 | |
|---|
| 1060 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 1061 | |
|---|
| 1062 | sage: M = Mat(GF(7),100,200) |
|---|
| 1063 | sage: M.matrix_space(5000) |
|---|
| 1064 | Full MatrixSpace of 5000 by 200 dense matrices over Finite Field of size 7 |
|---|
| 1065 | sage: M.matrix_space(ncols=5000) |
|---|
| 1066 | Full MatrixSpace of 100 by 5000 dense matrices over Finite Field of size 7 |
|---|
| 1067 | sage: M.matrix_space(sparse=True) |
|---|
| 1068 | Full MatrixSpace of 100 by 200 sparse matrices over Finite Field of size 7 |
|---|
| 1069 | """ |
|---|
| 1070 | if nrows is None: |
|---|
| 1071 | nrows = self.__nrows |
|---|
| 1072 | if ncols is None: |
|---|
| 1073 | ncols = self.__ncols |
|---|
| 1074 | return MatrixSpace(self.base_ring(), nrows, ncols, |
|---|
| 1075 | sparse=sparse) |
|---|
| 1076 | |
|---|
| 1077 | def ncols(self): |
|---|
| 1078 | """ |
|---|
| 1079 | Return the number of columns of matrices in this space. |
|---|
| 1080 | |
|---|
| 1081 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 1082 | |
|---|
| 1083 | sage: M = Mat(ZZ['x'],200000,500000,sparse=True) |
|---|
| 1084 | sage: M.ncols() |
|---|
| 1085 | 500000 |
|---|
| 1086 | """ |
|---|
| 1087 | return self.__ncols |
|---|
| 1088 | |
|---|
| 1089 | def nrows(self): |
|---|
| 1090 | """ |
|---|
| 1091 | Return the number of rows of matrices in this space. |
|---|
| 1092 | |
|---|
| 1093 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 1094 | |
|---|
| 1095 | sage: M = Mat(ZZ,200000,500000) |
|---|
| 1096 | sage: M.nrows() |
|---|
| 1097 | 200000 |
|---|
| 1098 | """ |
|---|
| 1099 | return self.__nrows |
|---|
| 1100 | |
|---|
| 1101 | def row_space(self): |
|---|
| 1102 | """ |
|---|
| 1103 | Return the module spanned by all rows of matrices in this matrix |
|---|
| 1104 | space. This is a free module of rank the number of rows. It will be |
|---|
| 1105 | sparse or dense as this matrix space is sparse or dense. |
|---|
| 1106 | |
|---|
| 1107 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 1108 | |
|---|
| 1109 | sage: M = Mat(ZZ,20,5,sparse=False); M.row_space() |
|---|
| 1110 | Ambient free module of rank 5 over the principal ideal domain Integer Ring |
|---|
| 1111 | """ |
|---|
| 1112 | try: |
|---|
| 1113 | return self.__row_space |
|---|
| 1114 | except AttributeError: |
|---|
| 1115 | self.__row_space = sage.modules.free_module.FreeModule(self.base_ring(), |
|---|
| 1116 | self.ncols(), sparse=self.is_sparse()) |
|---|
| 1117 | return self.__row_space |
|---|
| 1118 | |
|---|
| 1119 | def column_space(self): |
|---|
| 1120 | """ |
|---|
| 1121 | Return the module spanned by all columns of matrices in this matrix |
|---|
| 1122 | space. This is a free module of rank the number of columns. It will |
|---|
| 1123 | be sparse or dense as this matrix space is sparse or dense. |
|---|
| 1124 | |
|---|
| 1125 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 1126 | |
|---|
| 1127 | sage: M = Mat(GF(9,'a'),20,5,sparse=True); M.column_space() |
|---|
| 1128 | Sparse vector space of dimension 20 over Finite Field in a of size 3^2 |
|---|
| 1129 | """ |
|---|
| 1130 | try: |
|---|
| 1131 | return self.__column_space |
|---|
| 1132 | except AttributeError: |
|---|
| 1133 | self.__column_space = sage.modules.free_module.FreeModule(self.base_ring(), self.nrows(), |
|---|
| 1134 | sparse=self.is_sparse()) |
|---|
| 1135 | return self.__column_space |
|---|
| 1136 | |
|---|
| 1137 | def random_element(self, density=1, *args, **kwds): |
|---|
| 1138 | """ |
|---|
| 1139 | INPUT: |
|---|
| 1140 | |
|---|
| 1141 | |
|---|
| 1142 | - ``density`` - integer (default: 1) rough measure of |
|---|
| 1143 | the proportion of nonzero entries in the random matrix |
|---|
| 1144 | |
|---|
| 1145 | - ``*args, **kwds`` - rest of parameters may be |
|---|
| 1146 | passed to the random_element function of the base ring. ("may be", |
|---|
| 1147 | since this function calls the randomize function on the zero |
|---|
| 1148 | matrix, which need not call the random_element function of the |
|---|
| 1149 | base ring at all in general.) |
|---|
| 1150 | |
|---|
| 1151 | |
|---|
| 1152 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 1153 | |
|---|
| 1154 | sage: Mat(ZZ,2,5).random_element() |
|---|
| 1155 | [ -8 2 0 0 1] |
|---|
| 1156 | [ -1 2 1 -95 -1] |
|---|
| 1157 | sage: Mat(QQ,2,5).random_element(density=0.5) |
|---|
| 1158 | [ 2 0 0 0 1] |
|---|
| 1159 | [ 0 0 0 1/2 0] |
|---|
| 1160 | sage: Mat(QQ,3,sparse=True).random_element() |
|---|
| 1161 | [ -1 1/3 1] |
|---|
| 1162 | [ 0 -1 0] |
|---|
| 1163 | [ -1 1 -1/4] |
|---|
| 1164 | sage: Mat(GF(9,'a'),3,sparse=True).random_element() |
|---|
| 1165 | [ 1 2 1] |
|---|
| 1166 | [2*a + 1 a 2] |
|---|
| 1167 | [ 2 2*a + 2 1] |
|---|
| 1168 | """ |
|---|
| 1169 | Z = self.zero_matrix() |
|---|
| 1170 | Z.randomize(density, *args, **kwds) |
|---|
| 1171 | return Z |
|---|
| 1172 | |
|---|
| 1173 | def _magma_init_(self, magma): |
|---|
| 1174 | r""" |
|---|
| 1175 | EXAMPLES: We first coerce a square matrix. |
|---|
| 1176 | |
|---|
| 1177 | :: |
|---|
| 1178 | |
|---|
| 1179 | sage: magma(MatrixSpace(QQ,3)) # optional - magma |
|---|
| 1180 | Full Matrix Algebra of degree 3 over Rational Field |
|---|
| 1181 | |
|---|
| 1182 | :: |
|---|
| 1183 | |
|---|
| 1184 | sage: magma(MatrixSpace(Integers(8),2,3)) # optional - magma |
|---|
| 1185 | Full RMatrixSpace of 2 by 3 matrices over IntegerRing(8) |
|---|
| 1186 | """ |
|---|
| 1187 | K = self.base_ring()._magma_init_(magma) |
|---|
| 1188 | if self.__nrows == self.__ncols: |
|---|
| 1189 | s = 'MatrixAlgebra(%s,%s)'%(K, self.__nrows) |
|---|
| 1190 | else: |
|---|
| 1191 | s = 'RMatrixSpace(%s,%s,%s)'%(K, self.__nrows, self.__ncols) |
|---|
| 1192 | return s |
|---|
| 1193 | |
|---|
| 1194 | def dict_to_list(entries, nrows, ncols): |
|---|
| 1195 | """ |
|---|
| 1196 | Given a dictionary of coordinate tuples, return the list given by |
|---|
| 1197 | reading off the nrows\*ncols matrix in row order. |
|---|
| 1198 | |
|---|
| 1199 | EXAMLES:: |
|---|
| 1200 | |
|---|
| 1201 | sage: from sage.matrix.matrix_space import dict_to_list |
|---|
| 1202 | sage: d = {} |
|---|
| 1203 | sage: d[(0,0)] = 1 |
|---|
| 1204 | sage: d[(1,1)] = 2 |
|---|
| 1205 | sage: dict_to_list(d, 2, 2) |
|---|
| 1206 | [1, 0, 0, 2] |
|---|
| 1207 | sage: dict_to_list(d, 2, 3) |
|---|
| 1208 | [1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0] |
|---|
| 1209 | """ |
|---|
| 1210 | v = [0]*(nrows*ncols) |
|---|
| 1211 | for ij, y in entries.iteritems(): |
|---|
| 1212 | i,j = ij |
|---|
| 1213 | v[i*ncols + j] = y |
|---|
| 1214 | return v |
|---|
| 1215 | |
|---|
| 1216 | def list_to_dict(entries, nrows, ncols, rows=True): |
|---|
| 1217 | """ |
|---|
| 1218 | Given a list of entries, create a dictionary whose keys are |
|---|
| 1219 | coordinate tuples and values are the entries. |
|---|
| 1220 | |
|---|
| 1221 | EXAMPLES:: |
|---|
| 1222 | |
|---|
| 1223 | sage: from sage.matrix.matrix_space import list_to_dict |
|---|
| 1224 | sage: d = list_to_dict([1,2,3,4],2,2) |
|---|
| 1225 | sage: d[(0,1)] |
|---|
| 1226 | 2 |
|---|
| 1227 | sage: d = list_to_dict([1,2,3,4],2,2,rows=False) |
|---|
| 1228 | sage: d[(0,1)] |
|---|
| 1229 | 3 |
|---|
| 1230 | """ |
|---|
| 1231 | d = {} |
|---|
| 1232 | if ncols == 0 or nrows == 0: |
|---|
| 1233 | return d |
|---|
| 1234 | for i in range(len(entries)): |
|---|
| 1235 | x = entries[i] |
|---|
| 1236 | if x != 0: |
|---|
| 1237 | col = i % ncols |
|---|
| 1238 | row = i // ncols |
|---|
| 1239 | if rows: |
|---|
| 1240 | d[(row,col)] = x |
|---|
| 1241 | else: |
|---|
| 1242 | d[(col,row)] = x |
|---|
| 1243 | return d |
|---|
| 1244 | |
|---|
| 1245 | |
|---|
| 1246 | |
|---|
| 1247 | # sage: m = matrix(F, 0,0, sparse=False) |
|---|
| 1248 | # sage: m.determinant() |
|---|
| 1249 | # 0 |
|---|
| 1250 | |
|---|
| 1251 | |
|---|
| 1252 | def test_trivial_matrices_inverse(ring, sparse=True, checkrank=True): |
|---|
| 1253 | """ |
|---|
| 1254 | Tests inversion, determinant and is_inverstible for trivial matrices. |
|---|
| 1255 | |
|---|
| 1256 | This function is a helper to check that the inversion of trivial matrices |
|---|
| 1257 | (of size 0x0, nx0, 0xn or 1x1) is handled consistently by the various |
|---|
| 1258 | implementation of matrices. The coherency is checked through a bunch of |
|---|
| 1259 | assertions. If an inconsistency is found, an AssertionError is raised |
|---|
| 1260 | which should make clear what is the problem. |
|---|
| 1261 | |
|---|
| 1262 | INPUT: |
|---|
| 1263 | |
|---|
| 1264 | - ``ring`` - a ring |
|---|
| 1265 | |
|---|
| 1266 | - ``sparse`` - a boolean |
|---|
| 1267 | |
|---|
| 1268 | - ``checkrank`` - a boolean |
|---|
| 1269 | |
|---|
| 1270 | OUTPUT: |
|---|
| 1271 | |
|---|
| 1272 | - nothing if everything is correct otherwise raise an AssertionError |
|---|
| 1273 | |
|---|
| 1274 | The methods determinant, is_invertible, rank and inverse are checked for |
|---|
| 1275 | - the 0x0 empty identity matrix |
|---|
| 1276 | - the 0x3 and 3x0 matrices |
|---|
| 1277 | - the 1x1 null matrix [0] |
|---|
| 1278 | - the 1x1 identity matrix [1] |
|---|
| 1279 | |
|---|
| 1280 | If ``checkrank`` is ``False`` then the rank is not checked. This is used |
|---|
| 1281 | the check matrix over ring where echelon form is not implemented. |
|---|
| 1282 | |
|---|
| 1283 | TODO: must be adapted to category check framework when ready (see trac \#5274). |
|---|
| 1284 | |
|---|
| 1285 | TESTS:: |
|---|
| 1286 | |
|---|
| 1287 | sage: from sage.matrix.matrix_space import test_trivial_matrices_inverse as tinv |
|---|
| 1288 | sage: tinv(ZZ, sparse=True) |
|---|
| 1289 | sage: tinv(ZZ, sparse=False) |
|---|
| 1290 | sage: tinv(QQ, sparse=True) |
|---|
| 1291 | sage: tinv(QQ, sparse=False) |
|---|
| 1292 | sage: tinv(GF(11), sparse=True) |
|---|
| 1293 | sage: tinv(GF(11), sparse=False) |
|---|
| 1294 | sage: tinv(GF(2), sparse=True) |
|---|
| 1295 | sage: tinv(GF(2), sparse=False) |
|---|
| 1296 | sage: tinv(SR, sparse=True) |
|---|
| 1297 | sage: tinv(SR, sparse=False) |
|---|
| 1298 | sage: tinv(RDF, sparse=True) |
|---|
| 1299 | sage: tinv(RDF, sparse=False) |
|---|
| 1300 | sage: tinv(CDF, sparse=True) |
|---|
| 1301 | sage: tinv(CDF, sparse=False) |
|---|
| 1302 | sage: tinv(CyclotomicField(7), sparse=True) |
|---|
| 1303 | sage: tinv(CyclotomicField(7), sparse=False) |
|---|
| 1304 | |
|---|
| 1305 | TODO: As soon as rank of sparse matrix over QQ['x,y'] is implemented, |
|---|
| 1306 | please remove the following test and the ``checkrank=False`` in the next one: |
|---|
| 1307 | |
|---|
| 1308 | sage: MatrixSpace(QQ['x,y'], 3, 3, sparse=True)(1).rank() |
|---|
| 1309 | Traceback (most recent call last): |
|---|
| 1310 | ... |
|---|
| 1311 | NotImplementedError: echelon form over Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y over Rational Field not yet implemented |
|---|
| 1312 | sage: tinv(QQ['x,y'], sparse=True, checkrank=False) |
|---|
| 1313 | |
|---|
| 1314 | |
|---|
| 1315 | TODO: As soon as rank of dense matrix over QQ['x,y'] is implemented, |
|---|
| 1316 | please remove the following test and the ``checkrank=False`` in the next one: |
|---|
| 1317 | |
|---|
| 1318 | sage: MatrixSpace(QQ['x,y'], 3, 3, sparse=False)(1).rank() |
|---|
| 1319 | Traceback (most recent call last): |
|---|
| 1320 | ... |
|---|
| 1321 | RuntimeError: BUG: matrix pivots should have been set but weren't, matrix parent = 'Full MatrixSpace of 3 by 3 dense matrices over Multivariate Polynomial Ring in x, y over Rational Field' |
|---|
| 1322 | |
|---|
| 1323 | sage: tinv(QQ['x,y'], sparse=False, checkrank=False) |
|---|
| 1324 | |
|---|
| 1325 | """ |
|---|
| 1326 | # Check that the empty 0x0 matrix is it's own inverse with det=1. |
|---|
| 1327 | ms00 = MatrixSpace(ring, 0, 0, sparse=sparse) |
|---|
| 1328 | m00 = ms00(0) |
|---|
| 1329 | assert(m00.determinant() == ring(1)) |
|---|
| 1330 | assert(m00.is_invertible()) |
|---|
| 1331 | assert(m00.inverse() == m00) |
|---|
| 1332 | if checkrank: |
|---|
| 1333 | assert(m00.rank() == 0) |
|---|
| 1334 | |
|---|
| 1335 | # Check that the empty 0x3 and 3x0 matrices are not invertible and that |
|---|
| 1336 | # computing the detemininant raise the proper exception. |
|---|
| 1337 | for ms0 in [MatrixSpace(ring, 0, 3, sparse=sparse), |
|---|
| 1338 | MatrixSpace(ring, 3, 0, sparse=sparse)]: |
|---|
| 1339 | mn0 = ms0(0) |
|---|
| 1340 | assert(not mn0.is_invertible()) |
|---|
| 1341 | try: |
|---|
| 1342 | d = mn0.determinant() |
|---|
| 1343 | print d |
|---|
| 1344 | res = False |
|---|
| 1345 | except ArithmeticError: |
|---|
| 1346 | res = True |
|---|
| 1347 | assert(res) |
|---|
| 1348 | try: |
|---|
| 1349 | mn0.inverse() |
|---|
| 1350 | res =False |
|---|
| 1351 | except ArithmeticError: |
|---|
| 1352 | res = True |
|---|
| 1353 | assert(res) |
|---|
| 1354 | if checkrank: |
|---|
| 1355 | assert(mn0.rank() == 0) |
|---|
| 1356 | |
|---|
| 1357 | # Check that the null 1x1 matrix is not invertible and that det=0 |
|---|
| 1358 | ms1 = MatrixSpace(ring, 1, 1, sparse=sparse) |
|---|
| 1359 | m0 = ms1(0) |
|---|
| 1360 | assert(not m0.is_invertible()) |
|---|
| 1361 | assert(m0.determinant() == ring(0)) |
|---|
| 1362 | try: |
|---|
| 1363 | m0.inverse() |
|---|
| 1364 | res = False |
|---|
| 1365 | except (ZeroDivisionError, RuntimeError): |
|---|
| 1366 | #FIXME: Make pynac throw a ZeroDivisionError on division by |
|---|
| 1367 | #zero instead of a runtime Error |
|---|
| 1368 | res = True |
|---|
| 1369 | assert(res) |
|---|
| 1370 | if checkrank: |
|---|
| 1371 | assert(m0.rank() == 0) |
|---|
| 1372 | |
|---|
| 1373 | # Check that the identity 1x1 matrix is its own inverse with det=1 |
|---|
| 1374 | m1 = ms1(1) |
|---|
| 1375 | assert(m1.is_invertible()) |
|---|
| 1376 | assert(m1.determinant() == ring(1)) |
|---|
| 1377 | inv = m1.inverse() |
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| 1378 | assert(inv == m1) |
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| 1379 | if checkrank: |
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| 1380 | assert(m1.rank() == 1) |
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