| 1 | """ |
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| 2 | Dense matrices over the rational field. |
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| 3 | """ |
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| 4 | |
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| 5 | ############################################################################## |
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| 6 | # Copyright (C) 2004,2005,2006 William Stein <wstein@gmail.com> |
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| 7 | # Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) |
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| 8 | # The full text of the GPL is available at: |
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| 9 | # http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ |
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| 10 | ############################################################################## |
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| 11 | |
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| 12 | include "../ext/interrupt.pxi" |
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| 13 | include "../ext/stdsage.pxi" |
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| 14 | include "../ext/cdefs.pxi" |
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| 15 | |
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| 16 | from sage.rings.rational cimport Rational |
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| 17 | from matrix cimport Matrix |
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| 18 | from matrix_integer_dense cimport Matrix_integer_dense |
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| 19 | import sage.structure.coerce |
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| 20 | from sage.structure.element cimport ModuleElement |
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| 21 | from sage.rings.integer cimport Integer |
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| 22 | from sage.rings.integer_ring import ZZ |
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| 23 | |
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| 24 | cdef class Matrix_rational_dense(matrix_dense.Matrix_dense): |
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| 25 | |
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| 26 | ######################################################################## |
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| 27 | # LEVEL 1 functionality |
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| 28 | # x * __new__ |
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| 29 | # x * __dealloc__ |
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| 30 | # x * __init__ |
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| 31 | # x * set_unsafe |
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| 32 | # x * get_unsafe |
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| 33 | # x * cdef _pickle |
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| 34 | # x * cdef _unpickle |
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| 35 | ######################################################################## |
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| 36 | def __new__(self, parent, entries, copy, coerce): |
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| 37 | """ |
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| 38 | Create and allocate memory for the matrix. |
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| 39 | |
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| 40 | Unlike over matrix_integer_dense, mpq_init() is called (as there is no mpq_init_set function). |
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| 41 | |
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| 42 | INPUT: |
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| 43 | parent, entries, coerce, copy -- as for __init__. |
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| 44 | |
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| 45 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 46 | sage: from sage.matrix.matrix_rational_dense import Matrix_rational_dense |
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| 47 | sage: a = Matrix_rational_dense.__new__(Matrix_rational_dense, Mat(ZZ,3), 0,0,0) |
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| 48 | sage: type(a) |
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| 49 | <type 'sage.matrix.matrix_rational_dense.Matrix_rational_dense'> |
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| 50 | |
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| 51 | WARNING: This is for internal use only, or if you really know what you're doing. |
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| 52 | """ |
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| 53 | matrix_dense.Matrix_dense.__init__(self, parent) |
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| 54 | |
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| 55 | cdef Py_ssize_t i, k |
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| 56 | |
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| 57 | self._entries = <mpq_t *> sage_malloc(sizeof(mpq_t)*(self._nrows * self._ncols)) |
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| 58 | if self._entries == NULL: |
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| 59 | raise MemoryError, "out of memory allocating a matrix" |
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| 60 | |
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| 61 | self._matrix = <mpq_t **> sage_malloc(sizeof(mpq_t*) * self._nrows) |
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| 62 | if self._matrix == NULL: |
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| 63 | raise MemoryError, "out of memory allocating a matrix" |
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| 64 | |
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| 65 | # store pointers to the starts of the rows |
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| 66 | k = 0 |
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| 67 | for i from 0 <= i < self._nrows: |
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| 68 | self._matrix[i] = self._entries + k |
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| 69 | k = k + self._ncols |
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| 70 | |
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| 71 | for i from 0 <= i < self._nrows * self._ncols: |
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| 72 | mpq_init(self._entries[i]) |
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| 73 | |
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| 74 | def __dealloc__(self): |
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| 75 | cdef Py_ssize_t i |
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| 76 | for i from 0 <= i < self._nrows * self._ncols: |
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| 77 | mpq_clear(self._entries[i]) |
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| 78 | sage_free(self._entries) |
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| 79 | sage_free(self._matrix) |
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| 80 | |
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| 81 | def __init__(self, parent, entries=0, coerce=True, copy=True): |
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| 82 | |
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| 83 | cdef Py_ssize_t i |
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| 84 | cdef Rational z |
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| 85 | |
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| 86 | if isinstance(entries, list): |
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| 87 | if len(entries) != self._nrows * self._ncols: |
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| 88 | raise TypeError, "entries has the wrong length" |
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| 89 | |
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| 90 | _sig_on |
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| 91 | if coerce: |
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| 92 | for i from 0 <= i < self._nrows * self._ncols: |
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| 93 | # TODO: Should use an unsafe un-bounds-checked array access here. |
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| 94 | z = Rational(entries[i]) |
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| 95 | mpq_set(self._entries[i], z.value) |
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| 96 | else: |
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| 97 | for i from 0 <= i < self._nrows * self._ncols: |
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| 98 | # TODO: Should use an unsafe un-bounds-checked array access here. |
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| 99 | mpq_set(self._entries[i], (<Rational> entries[i]).value) |
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| 100 | _sig_off |
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| 101 | |
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| 102 | else: |
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| 103 | # is it a scalar? |
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| 104 | try: |
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| 105 | # Try to coerce entries to a scalar (an integer) |
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| 106 | z = Rational(entries) |
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| 107 | is_list = False |
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| 108 | except TypeError: |
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| 109 | raise TypeError, "entries must be coercible to a list or integer" |
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| 110 | |
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| 111 | if not z.is_zero(): |
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| 112 | if self._nrows != self._ncols: |
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| 113 | raise TypeError, "nonzero scalar matrix must be square" |
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| 114 | for i from 0 <= i < self._nrows: |
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| 115 | mpq_set(self._entries[i*self._ncols+i], z.value) |
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| 116 | |
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| 117 | |
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| 118 | cdef set_unsafe(self, Py_ssize_t i, Py_ssize_t j, value): |
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| 119 | cdef Rational y |
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| 120 | y = value |
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| 121 | mpq_set(self._matrix[i][j], y.value) |
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| 122 | |
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| 123 | |
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| 124 | cdef get_unsafe(self, Py_ssize_t i, Py_ssize_t j): |
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| 125 | cdef Rational x |
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| 126 | x = Rational.__new__(Rational) |
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| 127 | mpq_set(x.value, self._matrix[i][j]) |
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| 128 | return x |
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| 129 | |
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| 130 | def _pickle(self): |
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| 131 | return self._pickle_version0(), 0 |
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| 132 | |
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| 133 | def _unpickle(self, data, int version): |
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| 134 | if version == 0: |
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| 135 | self._unpickle_version0(data) |
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| 136 | else: |
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| 137 | raise RuntimeError, "unknown matrix version (=%s)"%version |
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| 138 | |
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| 139 | cdef _pickle_version0(self): |
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| 140 | cdef Py_ssize_t i, j, len_so_far, m, n |
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| 141 | cdef char *a |
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| 142 | cdef char *s, *t, *tmp |
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| 143 | |
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| 144 | if self._nrows == 0 or self._ncols == 0: |
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| 145 | data = '' |
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| 146 | else: |
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| 147 | n = self._nrows*self._ncols*10 |
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| 148 | s = <char*> sage_malloc(n * sizeof(char)) |
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| 149 | t = s |
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| 150 | len_so_far = 0 |
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| 151 | |
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| 152 | _sig_on |
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| 153 | for i from 0 <= i < self._nrows: |
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| 154 | for j from 0 <= j < self._ncols: |
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| 155 | m = mpz_sizeinbase (mpq_numref(self._matrix[i][j]), 32) + \ |
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| 156 | mpz_sizeinbase (mpq_denref(self._matrix[i][j]), 32) + 3 |
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| 157 | if len_so_far + m + 1 >= n: |
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| 158 | # copy to new string with double the size |
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| 159 | n = 2*n + m + 1 |
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| 160 | tmp = <char*> sage_malloc(n * sizeof(char)) |
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| 161 | strcpy(tmp, s) |
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| 162 | sage_free(s) |
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| 163 | s = tmp |
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| 164 | t = s + len_so_far |
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| 165 | #endif |
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| 166 | mpq_get_str(t, 32, self._matrix[i][j]) |
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| 167 | m = strlen(t) |
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| 168 | len_so_far = len_so_far + m + 1 |
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| 169 | t = t + m |
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| 170 | t[0] = <char>32 |
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| 171 | t[1] = <char>0 |
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| 172 | t = t + 1 |
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| 173 | _sig_off |
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| 174 | data = str(s)[:-1] |
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| 175 | free(s) |
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| 176 | return data |
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| 177 | |
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| 178 | cdef _unpickle_version0(self, data): |
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| 179 | cdef Py_ssize_t i, n |
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| 180 | data = data.split() |
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| 181 | n = self._nrows * self._ncols |
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| 182 | if len(data) != n: |
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| 183 | raise RuntimeError, "invalid pickle data." |
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| 184 | for i from 0 <= i < n: |
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| 185 | s = data[i] |
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| 186 | if mpq_set_str(self._entries[i], s, 32): |
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| 187 | raise RuntimeError, "invalid pickle data" |
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| 188 | |
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| 189 | def __richcmp__(Matrix self, right, int op): |
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| 190 | return self._richcmp(right, op) |
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| 191 | def __hash__(self): |
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| 192 | return self._hash() |
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| 193 | |
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| 194 | ######################################################################## |
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| 195 | # LEVEL 2 functionality |
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| 196 | # x * cdef _add_c_impl |
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| 197 | # * cdef _mul_c_impl |
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| 198 | # * cdef _cmp_c_impl |
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| 199 | # x * __neg__ |
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| 200 | # * __invert__ |
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| 201 | # x * __copy__ |
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| 202 | # * _multiply_classical |
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| 203 | # * _list -- list of underlying elements (need not be a copy) |
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| 204 | # * _dict -- sparse dictionary of underlying elements (need not be a copy) |
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| 205 | ######################################################################## |
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| 206 | |
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| 207 | cdef ModuleElement _add_c_impl(self, ModuleElement right): |
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| 208 | """ |
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| 209 | Add two dense matrices over QQ. |
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| 210 | |
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| 211 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 212 | sage: a = MatrixSpace(QQ,3)(range(9)) |
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| 213 | sage: b = MatrixSpace(QQ,3)([1/n for n in range(1,10)]) |
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| 214 | sage: a+b |
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| 215 | [ 1 3/2 7/3] |
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| 216 | [13/4 21/5 31/6] |
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| 217 | [43/7 57/8 73/9] |
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| 218 | sage: b.swap_rows(1,2) |
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| 219 | sage: #a+b |
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| 220 | |
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| 221 | """ |
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| 222 | cdef Py_ssize_t i, j |
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| 223 | cdef Matrix_rational_dense M |
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| 224 | M = Matrix_rational_dense.__new__(Matrix_rational_dense, self._parent, None, None, None) |
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| 225 | |
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| 226 | cdef mpq_t *M_row |
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| 227 | cdef mpq_t *self_row |
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| 228 | cdef mpq_t *right_row |
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| 229 | _sig_on |
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| 230 | for i from 0 <= i < self._nrows: |
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| 231 | M_row = M._matrix[i] |
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| 232 | self_row = self._matrix[i] |
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| 233 | right_row = (<Matrix_rational_dense>right)._matrix[i] |
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| 234 | for j from 0 <= j < self._ncols: |
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| 235 | mpq_add(M_row[0], self_row[0], right_row[0]) |
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| 236 | M_row = M_row + 1 |
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| 237 | self_row = self_row + 1 |
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| 238 | right_row = right_row + 1 |
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| 239 | _sig_off |
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| 240 | return M |
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| 241 | |
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| 242 | cdef ModuleElement _sub_c_impl(self, ModuleElement right): |
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| 243 | """ |
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| 244 | Add two dense matrices over QQ. |
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| 245 | |
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| 246 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 247 | sage: a = MatrixSpace(QQ,3)(range(9)) |
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| 248 | sage: b = MatrixSpace(QQ,3)([1/n for n in range(1,10)]) |
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| 249 | sage: a-b |
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| 250 | [ -1 1/2 5/3] |
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| 251 | [11/4 19/5 29/6] |
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| 252 | [41/7 55/8 71/9] |
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| 253 | """ |
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| 254 | cdef Py_ssize_t i, j |
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| 255 | cdef Matrix_rational_dense M |
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| 256 | M = Matrix_rational_dense.__new__(Matrix_rational_dense, self._parent, None, None, None) |
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| 257 | |
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| 258 | cdef mpq_t *M_row |
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| 259 | cdef mpq_t *self_row |
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| 260 | cdef mpq_t *right_row |
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| 261 | _sig_on |
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| 262 | for i from 0 <= i < self._nrows: |
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| 263 | M_row = M._matrix[i] |
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| 264 | self_row = self._matrix[i] |
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| 265 | right_row = (<Matrix_rational_dense>right)._matrix[i] |
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| 266 | for j from 0 <= j < self._ncols: |
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| 267 | mpq_sub(M_row[0], self_row[0], right_row[0]) |
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| 268 | M_row = M_row + 1 |
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| 269 | self_row = self_row + 1 |
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| 270 | right_row = right_row + 1 |
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| 271 | _sig_off |
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| 272 | return M |
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| 273 | |
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| 274 | def __neg__(self): |
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| 275 | """ |
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| 276 | Negate a matrix over QQ. |
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| 277 | |
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| 278 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 279 | sage: a = MatrixSpace(QQ,3)([1/n for n in range(1,10)]) |
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| 280 | sage: -a |
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| 281 | [ -1 -1/2 -1/3] |
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| 282 | [-1/4 -1/5 -1/6] |
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| 283 | [-1/7 -1/8 -1/9] |
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| 284 | """ |
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| 285 | cdef Py_ssize_t i, j |
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| 286 | cdef Matrix_rational_dense M |
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| 287 | M = Matrix_rational_dense.__new__(Matrix_rational_dense, self._parent, None, None, None) |
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| 288 | |
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| 289 | cdef mpq_t *M_row |
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| 290 | cdef mpq_t *self_row |
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| 291 | _sig_on |
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| 292 | for i from 0 <= i < self._nrows: |
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| 293 | M_row = M._matrix[i] |
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| 294 | self_row = self._matrix[i] |
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| 295 | for j from 0 <= j < self._ncols: |
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| 296 | mpq_neg(M_row[0], self_row[0]) |
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| 297 | M_row = M_row + 1 |
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| 298 | self_row = self_row + 1 |
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| 299 | _sig_off |
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| 300 | return M |
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| 301 | |
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| 302 | def __copy__(self): |
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| 303 | """ |
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| 304 | Negate a matrix over QQ. |
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| 305 | |
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| 306 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 307 | sage: a = MatrixSpace(QQ,3)([1/n for n in range(1,10)]) |
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| 308 | sage: -a |
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| 309 | [ -1 -1/2 -1/3] |
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| 310 | [-1/4 -1/5 -1/6] |
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| 311 | [-1/7 -1/8 -1/9] |
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| 312 | """ |
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| 313 | cdef Py_ssize_t i, j |
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| 314 | cdef Matrix_rational_dense M |
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| 315 | M = Matrix_rational_dense.__new__(Matrix_rational_dense, self._parent, None, None, None) |
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| 316 | |
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| 317 | cdef mpq_t *M_row |
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| 318 | cdef mpq_t *self_row |
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| 319 | _sig_on |
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| 320 | for i from 0 <= i < self._nrows: |
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| 321 | M_row = M._matrix[i] |
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| 322 | self_row = self._matrix[i] |
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| 323 | for j from 0 <= j < self._ncols: |
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| 324 | mpq_set(M_row[0], self_row[0]) |
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| 325 | M_row = M_row + 1 |
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| 326 | self_row = self_row + 1 |
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| 327 | _sig_off |
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| 328 | return M |
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| 329 | |
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| 330 | |
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| 331 | |
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| 332 | # cdef _mul_c_impl(self, Matrix right): |
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| 333 | # cdef int _cmp_c_impl(self, Matrix right) except -2: |
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| 334 | # def __invert__(self): |
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| 335 | # def _multiply_classical(left, matrix.Matrix _right): |
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| 336 | # def _list(self): |
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| 337 | # def _dict(self): |
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| 338 | |
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| 339 | |
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| 340 | ######################################################################## |
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| 341 | # LEVEL 3 functionality (Optional) |
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| 342 | # x * cdef _sub_c_impl |
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| 343 | # * __deepcopy__ |
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| 344 | # * __invert__ |
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| 345 | # * Matrix windows -- only if you need strassen for that base |
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| 346 | # * Other functions (list them here): |
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| 347 | # x * denom(self): |
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| 348 | # x * mpz_denom(self, mpz_t d): |
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| 349 | # x * _clear_denom(self): |
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| 350 | # x * _multiply_multi_modular(self, Matrix_rational_dense right): |
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| 351 | ######################################################################## |
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| 352 | def denom(self): |
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| 353 | """ |
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| 354 | Return the denominator of this matrix. |
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| 355 | |
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| 356 | OUTPUT: |
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| 357 | -- SAGE Integer |
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| 358 | |
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| 359 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 360 | sage: b = matrix(QQ,2,range(6)); b[0,0]=-5007/293; b |
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| 361 | [-5007/293 1 2] |
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| 362 | [ 3 4 5] |
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| 363 | sage: b.denom() |
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| 364 | 293 |
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| 365 | """ |
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| 366 | cdef Integer z |
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| 367 | z = Integer.__new__(Integer) |
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| 368 | self.mpz_denom(z.value) |
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| 369 | return z |
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| 370 | |
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| 371 | cdef int mpz_denom(self, mpz_t d) except -1: |
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| 372 | mpz_set_si(d,1) |
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| 373 | cdef int i, j |
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| 374 | cdef mpq_t *self_row |
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| 375 | _sig_on |
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| 376 | for i from 0 <= i < self._nrows: |
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| 377 | self_row = self._matrix[i] |
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| 378 | for j from 0 <= j < self._ncols: |
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| 379 | mpz_lcm(d, d, mpq_denref(self_row[0])) |
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| 380 | self_row = self_row + 1 |
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| 381 | _sig_off |
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| 382 | return 0 |
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| 383 | |
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| 384 | def _clear_denom(self): |
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| 385 | """ |
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| 386 | INPUT: |
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| 387 | self -- a matrix |
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| 388 | OUTPUT: |
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| 389 | D*self, D |
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| 390 | |
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| 391 | The product is a matrix over ZZ |
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| 392 | """ |
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| 393 | cdef Integer D |
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| 394 | cdef Py_ssize_t i, j |
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| 395 | cdef Matrix_integer_dense A |
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| 396 | cdef mpq_t *self_row |
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| 397 | cdef mpz_t *A_row |
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| 398 | D = <Integer>Integer.__new__(Integer) |
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| 399 | self.mpz_denom(D.value) |
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| 400 | MZ = sage.matrix.matrix_space.MatrixSpace(ZZ, self._nrows, self._ncols, sparse=self.is_sparse()) |
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| 401 | A = Matrix_integer_dense.__new__(Matrix_integer_dense, MZ, 0, 0, 0) |
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| 402 | _sig_on |
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| 403 | for i from 0 <= i < self._nrows: |
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| 404 | A_row = A._matrix[i] |
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| 405 | self_row = self._matrix[i] |
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| 406 | for j from 0 <= j < self._ncols: |
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| 407 | mpz_init(A_row[0]) |
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| 408 | mpz_divexact(A_row[0], D.value, mpq_denref(self_row[0])) |
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| 409 | mpz_mul(A_row[0], A_row[0], mpq_numref(self_row[0])) |
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| 410 | A_row = A_row + 1 |
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| 411 | self_row = self_row + 1 |
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| 412 | _sig_off |
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| 413 | return A, D |
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| 414 | |
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| 415 | def _multiply_multi_modular(left, Matrix_rational_dense right): |
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| 416 | """ |
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| 417 | Multiply this matrix by right using a multimodular algorithm |
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| 418 | and return the result. |
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| 419 | |
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| 420 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 421 | sage: a = MatrixSpace(QQ,3)(range(9)) |
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| 422 | sage: b = MatrixSpace(QQ,3)([1/n for n in range(1,10)]) |
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| 423 | sage: a._multiply_multi_modular(b) |
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| 424 | [ 15/28 9/20 7/18] |
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| 425 | [ 33/7 117/40 20/9] |
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| 426 | [249/28 27/5 73/18] |
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| 427 | sage: a = MatrixSpace(QQ,10,5)(range(50)) |
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| 428 | sage: b = MatrixSpace(QQ,5,12)([1/n for n in range(1,61)]) |
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| 429 | sage: a._multiply_multi_modular(b) == a._multiply_classical(b) |
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| 430 | True |
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| 431 | |
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| 432 | """ |
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| 433 | cdef Matrix_integer_dense A, B, AB |
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| 434 | cdef Matrix_rational_dense res |
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| 435 | cdef Integer D |
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| 436 | cdef mpz_t* AB_row, |
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| 437 | cdef mpq_t* res_row |
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| 438 | A_denom, B_denom |
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| 439 | A, A_denom = left._clear_denom() |
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| 440 | B, B_denom = right._clear_denom() |
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| 441 | AB = A._multiply_multi_modular(B) |
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| 442 | D = A_denom * B_denom |
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| 443 | res = Matrix_rational_dense.__new__(Matrix_rational_dense, left.matrix_space(AB._nrows, AB._ncols), 0, 0, 0) |
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| 444 | for i from 0 <= i < res._nrows: |
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| 445 | AB_row = AB._matrix[i] |
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| 446 | res_row = res._matrix[i] |
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| 447 | for j from 0 <= j < res._ncols: |
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| 448 | mpz_set(mpq_numref(res_row[0]), AB_row[0]) |
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| 449 | mpz_set(mpq_denref(res_row[0]), D.value) |
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| 450 | mpq_canonicalize(res_row[0]) |
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| 451 | AB_row = AB_row + 1 |
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| 452 | res_row = res_row + 1 |
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| 453 | _sig_off |
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| 454 | return res |
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| 455 | |
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| 456 | cdef int mpz_height(self, mpz_t height) except -1: |
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| 457 | cdef mpz_t x, h |
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| 458 | mpz_init(x) |
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| 459 | mpz_init_set_si(h, 0) |
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| 460 | cdef int i, j |
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| 461 | _sig_on |
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| 462 | for i from 0 <= i < self._nrows: |
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| 463 | for j from 0 <= j < self._ncols: |
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| 464 | mpq_get_num(x,self._matrix[i][j]) |
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| 465 | mpz_abs(x, x) |
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| 466 | if mpz_cmp(h,x) < 0: |
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| 467 | mpz_set(h,x) |
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| 468 | mpq_get_den(x,self._matrix[i][j]) |
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| 469 | mpz_abs(x, x) |
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| 470 | if mpz_cmp(h,x) < 0: |
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| 471 | mpz_set(h,x) |
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| 472 | _sig_off |
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| 473 | mpz_set(height, h) |
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| 474 | mpz_clear(h) |
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| 475 | mpz_clear(x) |
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| 476 | return 0 |
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| 477 | |
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| 478 | def height(self): |
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| 479 | """ |
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| 480 | Return the height of this matrix, which is the least common |
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| 481 | multiple of all numerators and denominators of elements of |
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| 482 | this matrix. |
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| 483 | |
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| 484 | OUTPUT: |
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| 485 | -- SAGE Integer |
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| 486 | |
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| 487 | EXAMPLES: |
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| 488 | sage: b = matrix(QQ,2,range(6)); b[0,0]=-5007/293; b |
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| 489 | [-5007/293 1 2] |
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| 490 | [ 3 4 5] |
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| 491 | sage: b.height() |
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| 492 | 5007 |
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| 493 | """ |
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| 494 | cdef Integer z |
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| 495 | z = Integer.__new__(Integer) |
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| 496 | self.mpz_height(z.value) |
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| 497 | return z |
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| 498 | |
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| 499 | cdef int _rescale(self, mpq_t a) except -1: |
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| 500 | cdef int i, j |
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| 501 | _sig_on |
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| 502 | for i from 0 <= i < self._nrows: |
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| 503 | for j from 0 <= j < self._ncols: |
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| 504 | mpq_mul(self._matrix[i][j], self._matrix[i][j], a) |
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| 505 | _sig_off |
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| 506 | |
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| 507 | def _adjoint(self): |
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| 508 | """ |
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| 509 | Return the adjoint of this matrix. |
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| 510 | |
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| 511 | Assumes self is a square matrix (checked in adjoint). |
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| 512 | """ |
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| 513 | return self.parent()(self._pari_().matadjoint().python()) |
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| 514 | |
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| 515 | ########################### |
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| 516 | |
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